Reduction of social inequalities in life expectancy in a city of Southeastern Brazil

Belon, Ana Paula; Barros, M.R.X. de

doi:10.1186/1475-9276-10-36

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As these acute causes of death are those most sensitive to access and availability of insulin and other medications, they most likely result from the above-mentioned actions as well as the increasing organization of emergency care facilities, transport, and hotline support systems [ 29 ]. Undoubtedly, the increased standard of living, the rise of the Brazilian middle class, decreasing poverty and efforts to eradicate severe poverty such as the cash transfer program bolsa família may have also played a difficult-to-estimate but important role in the decline [ 30 ]. Unfortunately, given that diabetes type was “unspecified” for 91 % of deaths, the data do not permit the description of declines for specific types of diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in mortality due to diabetes in Brazil, 1996–2011

Schmidt

Duncan

Ishitani

et al. 2015

Diabetol Metab Syndr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundOver recent decades, Brazilian mortality registration has undergone increasing improvement in terms of completeness and quality in cause of death reporting. These improvements, however, complicate the description of mortality trends over this period. We aim to characterize the trend in diabetes mortality in Brazil and its five regions in adults (30–69 years), from 1996 to 2011 after corrections for underreporting of deaths and redistribution of ill-defined causes and “garbage codes”.MethodsStarting with official data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM) for adults aged 30–69 in the period 1996 to 2011 for diabetes (ICD-10 codes E10-14), we redistributed garbage codes using methods based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (2010), redistributed ill-defined causes based on recent Brazilian investigations of similar cases and corrected for underreporting using official estimates of deaths.ResultsWith these corrections, age-standardized mortality fell approximately 1.1 %/year for men and 2.2 %/year for women from 1996 to 2011. The rate of decline first accelerated and then decelerated, reaching stable rates in men and minimal declines in women from 2005 onward. Regional inequalities decreased during the period in both relative and absolute terms.ConclusionMortality due to diabetes declined in Brazil from 1996 to 2011, minimally in men and considerably in women. The lesser declines in recent years may reflect the increasing prevalence of diabetes, and suggest that current efforts to prevent diabetes and minimize the impact of its complications need to be reinforced to ensure that declines will continue.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in mortality due to diabetes in Brazil, 1996–2011

Schmidt

Duncan

Ishitani

et al. 2015

Diabetol Metab Syndr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most articles (n = 17) used the Mortality Information System ( Sistema de Informação em Mortalidade – SIM), from the Unified Health System IT Department ( Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde – Datasus) as the source of mortality data 23 , 25 , 27 . Other studies used mortality systems from the Municipal Health Department 21 , 22 , 26 , 32 , 33 , 42 , 43 , and records from the Forensic Medicine Institute ( Instituto Médico Legal – IML) 45 . Only one study did not specify the source of mortality data used 30 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality rates were mostly presented in non-standardized form 24 , 30 , 32 , 37 , 45 , and commonly calculated for a specific age group, such as infant mortality 34 and mortality of older adults 29 ( Box 1 ). One study evaluated life expectancy 33 . To tackle the different frequency distributions in diverse populations, some authors chose age-standardized rates 25 , 27 , 40 , 43 , 46 , or stratification of rates by different age groups and other population characteristics, such as sex and race/ethnicity 21 , 23 , 30 , 38 , 39 , 44 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mortality inequalities measured by socioeconomic indicators in Brazil: a scoping review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE Summarize the literature on the relationship between composite socioeconomic indicators and mortality in different geographical areas of Brazil. METHODS This scoping review included articles published between January 1, 2000, and August 31, 2020, retrieved by means of a bibliographic search carried out in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases. Studies reporting on the association between composite socioeconomic indicators and all-cause, or specific cause of death in any age group in different geographical areas were selected. The review summarized the measures constructed, their associations with the outcomes, and potential study limitations. RESULTS Of the 77 full texts that met the inclusion criteria, the study reviewed 24. The area level of composite socioeconomic indicators analyzed comprised municipalities (n = 6), districts (n = 5), census tracts (n = 4), state (n = 2), country (n = 2), and other areas (n = 5). Six studies used composite socioeconomic indicators such as the Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product, and the Gini Index; the remaining 18 papers created their own socioeconomic measures based on sociodemographic and health indicators. Socioeconomic status was inversely associated with higher rates of all-cause mortality, external cause mortality, suicide, homicide, fetal and infant mortality, respiratory and circulatory diseases, stroke, infectious and parasitic diseases, malnutrition, gastroenteritis, and oropharyngeal cancer. Higher mortality rates due to colorectal cancer, leukemia, a general group of neoplasms, traffic accident, and suicide, in turn, were observed in less deprived areas and/or those with more significant socioeconomic development. Underreporting of death and differences in mortality coverage in Brazilian areas were cited as the main limitation. CONCLUSIONS Studies analyzed mortality inequalities in different geographical areas by means of composite socioeconomic indicators, showing that the association directions vary according to the mortality outcome. But studies on all-cause mortality and at the census tract level remain scarce. The results may guide the development of new composite socioeconomic indicators for use in mortality inequality analysis.

show abstract

“…The increase in global life expectancy helped reduce global health inequalities [30]. Moreover, on the global average, the trend in life expectancy at birth has risen steadily over time [31]. Social factors such as economic growth, technology, reduced inequalities, knowledge of and investment in public health and health systems are also contributed to the decline in global health inequality [32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality of health stock and the relation to national wealth

Jumbri

Ikeda

Jimichi

et al. 2019

Int J Equity Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe decline in global and between-country health inequality is a major challenge to overcome. However, few studies have systematically investigated the relationship between inequality of health stock and national wealth. From an economic perspective, health can be viewed as a durable capital stock that produces an output of healthy time. Therefore, in this paper, we focused on health capital to investigate the relationship between inequalities of national health and national wealth.MethodsBased on health stock data from 1990 to 2015 for 140 countries, we estimated Gini coefficients of health stock to investigate associations with a well-known economic flow indicator, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), stock-based national wealth indicator, Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI), and firm-level net income.ResultsThe estimated Gini coefficient of global health stock shows that health stock has experienced a global decline. The Gini coefficient for low-income countries (LICs) showed the fastest decline in health stock, dropping from 0.69 to 0.66 in 25 years. Next, rapid population growth and the rise in the youth share of the working-age population in LICs were most likely contributing factors to the decline in inequality. Most countries that experienced positive health stock growth also indicated a strong positive relationship with GDP and IWI. However, some countries showed a negative relationship with natural capital, which is a part of IWI. In addition, firm-level net income showed no obvious associations with health stock, GDP and IWI.ConclusionsWe argue that a negative relationship between health stock and natural capital is a sign of unstable development because sustainable development involves maintaining not only GDP but also IWI, as it is a collective set of assets or wealth comprising human, produced and natural capital. Moreover, in our analysis of firm-level income data, we also discuss that income will be influenced by other factors, such as innovations, human resources, organization culture and strategy. Therefore, the paper concludes that health stock is a vital component in measuring health inequality and health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Thus, IWI is more comprehensive in measuring national wealth and can complement GDP in measuring progress toward sustainable development.

show abstract

Reduction of social inequalities in life expectancy in a city of Southeastern Brazil

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Trends in mortality due to diabetes in Brazil, 1996–2011

Trends in mortality due to diabetes in Brazil, 1996–2011

Mortality inequalities measured by socioeconomic indicators in Brazil: a scoping review

Inequality of health stock and the relation to national wealth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About