This work was undertaken to obtain information on seasonal variation of the plankton communities of the Cananéia mangrove system. The results provide a background for further investigations on primary and secondary productivity and the study of the interrelationships of ecological factors that affect the distribution and abundance of plankton. The correlation of data obtained shows that in the mangrove system under study there are different environments with distinct species.

IMPORTANCE Despite progress toward reducing global incidence, leprosy control remains a challenge in low-and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE To estimate new case detection rates of leprosy among household contacts of patients with previously diagnosed leprosy and to investigate its associated risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cohort study included families registered in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort linked with nationwide registries of leprosy; data were collected from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2014. Household contacts of patients with a previous diagnosis of leprosy from each household unit were followed up from the time of detection of the primary case to the time of detection of a subsequent case or until December 31, 2014. Data analysis was performed from May to December 2018. EXPOSURES Clinical characteristics of the primary case and sociodemographic factors of the household contact. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence of leprosy, estimated as the new case detection rate of leprosy per 100 000 household contacts at risk (person-years at risk). The association between occurrence of a subsequent leprosy case and the exposure risk factors was assessed using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regressions allowing for state-and household-specific random effects. RESULTS Among 42 725 household contacts (22 449 [52.5%] female; mean [SD] age, 22.4 [18.5] years) of 17 876 patients detected with leprosy, the new case detection rate of leprosy was 636.3 (95% CI, 594.4-681.1) per 100 000 person-years at risk overall and 521.9 (95% CI, 466.3-584.1) per 100 000 person-years at risk among children younger than 15 years. Household contacts of patients with multibacillary leprosy had higher odds of developing leprosy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] , 1.48; 95% CI, 1.17-1.88), and the odds increased among contacts aged 50 years or older (adjusted OR, 3.11; 95% CI, 2.03-4.76). Leprosy detection was negatively associated with illiterate or preschool educational level (adjusted OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.92). For children, the odds were increased among boys (adjusted OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.20-2.42). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings in this Brazilian population-based cohort study suggest that the household contacts of patients with leprosy may have increased risk of leprosy, especially in households with existing multibacillary cases and older contacts. Public health interventions, such as contact screening, that specifically target this population appear to be needed.

Some data and observations of primary production and hydrographic parameters have been made in the region of Ubatuba (Lat. 23º30'S Long. 45º06'W) during two seasons: summer and winter. The primary production varied from 1.01 mgC/m³ /h to 28.16 mgC/m³/h in summertime and from 0.24 mgC/m³ /h to 16.24 mgC/m³ /h in wintertime. The phytoplankton production is believed to be controlled primarily by the quantity of nutrient salts and there is a possibility that relatively nutrient-rich deeper cold waters may increase the fertility of the region.

Kabuki syndrome is a genetic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by mental retardation, growth deficiency, and peculiar face (i.e., long palpebral fissures, eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, prominent ears, and broad and depressed nasal tip). Oral manifestations commonly observed in Kabuki syndrome may comprise cleft lip/palate, bifid tongue and uvula, malocclusion, and dental abnormalities. We evaluated the dental findings of eight patients with Kabuki syndrome. One presented cleft palate; three presented caries; and seven had missing teeth, with the upper lateral incisors and inferior central incisors being the most commonly absent. All missing teeth were permanent, and there was no alteration of dental chronology or morphology. Because most patients had mixed dentition, the presence or absence of primary teeth was assessed through the parents' reports. One patient presented an absent upper canine, which had not been reported previously in the literature. Dental findings may be helpful for clinical diagnosis, or they may be an additional finding to substantiate the diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome in children with mild phenotype.

*abundância de organismos do fitoplâncton num dado momento expresso em numero de células, peso seco ou em termos de pigmentos, por unidade de volume ou por area.

1 - The quantitative relation between net phytoplankton, nanoplankton and zooplankton during the high and low tide for five days at a fixed station is reported here. The samples were collected at surface, 2 and 4 m near the Baguassu river, a typical region of mangrove environment. 2 - Measurements were made of transparence, salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended matter and dry weight (inorganic + organic). Culture of bacteria was also carried out to determine the degree of contamination of the water. 3 - Total phytoplankton cell counts were lower during high tide showing a good inverse correlation to salinity. 4 - The total organic matter varied from 6.80 to 16.80 mg/l and the dry organic matter of net plankton varied from 0.084 to 3.64 mg/m³. These results are presumably due to a great portion of the particulate matter that may be originated from nanoplankton and fine detritus. 5 - The average of nanoplankton was 97% greater than net phytoplankton and the net phytoplankton was in average 99,7% greater than zooplankton.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the world and, along with it, a considerable degree of fear and uncertainties that impact on various aspects of societal life, including on people’s Mental Health (MH). Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic affects MH can help to implement interventions and adequate public policies, providing more effective responses to mitigate its effects.OBJECTIVES: To summarize the scientific evidence on the possible influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on MH, critically evaluating the methods and scientific validity of the studies found, in addition to summarizing the recommendations on strategic measures to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on MH.METHODOLOGY: The current scoping review was conducted from a screening of 465 articles on COVID-19 and MH outcomes, based on the main database of scientific references on health, assessed throughout PubMed. RESULT: Of the 43 papers selected for summary and critical analysis 77% (n=33) indicated a relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and anxiety symptoms, 56% (n=26) with depression or depressive symptoms, seven with changes in sleep pattern and seven with obsessive behaviours or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. In addition to studies that showed an influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on trauma or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, stress and fear. Most of the studies were carried out in China, and primarily evaluated the presence of anxiety and depression, through scales and questionnaires. Health professionals and the elderly were cited among the most affected population groups. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies presented significant methodological limits. Investments in new research, with controlled studies, including representative and randomized samples, and longitudinal follow-up, are necessary, to further explore the relationships between the COVID-19 pandemic and people's MH and long-term effects. Pending such studies, given the effects (during and after) of previous epidemics on MH, government measures need to be implemented to reduce the potential catastrophic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on MH, and the burden that will remain after the pandemic. The timely identification of psychological distress and the identification of MH needs among populations, facilitate the development of targeted psychological interventions, in addition to the organization of health services and systems, during the pandemic.

Dissolved nutrients and phytoplankton distribution in the Bertioga Channel, Silo Paulo State, were studied over a neap and a spring tide during the austral winter of 1991. Tidal influence and freshwater flow were the main forcing agents on the water column structure, nutrient availability and phytoplankton distribution as pointed out by the principal component analysis. The channel was vertically stratified during neap tide, but almost fully homogeneous during spring tide, especially in the flood phase. The inner area of the channel had high nutrient concentrations (up to 25 txM ammonium) and low dissolved oxygen saturation (minimum 20%). Phytoplankton biomass, measured as chlorophyll-a concentration, was low (maximum, 4.5 mg m 3) considering the high nutrient availability. The highest chlorophyll-a levels were associated with waters of coastal origin and flood periods. The phytoplankton community was dominated by phytoflagellates but the contribution of diatoms became very significant during spring tide. The major microphytoplankton forms were Skeletonema costatum and Pseudonitzschia species. The noticeable presence of freshwater species (Pinnularia, Synedra and Scenedesmus species), indicated the important role of freshwater inflow in the composition of local phytoplankton community. Data suggest that the high flushing rates and hydrodynamic instability at Bertioga Channel accounted for the low phytoplankton biomass observed in the environment.