Recovery of Palm Carotene From Palm Oil and Hydrolyzed Palm Oil by Adsorption Column Chromatography

Abstract

Crude palm oil and crude palm olein were hydrolyzed with lipase from Candida rugosa to produce a free fatty acid (FFA) rich oil. The percentages of FFA produced and carotene degradation after the hydrolysis process were determined. The palm oil and hydrolyzed palm oil were subsequently subjected to column chromatography. Diaion HP‐20 adsorbent was used for reverse phase column chromatography at 50C. Isopropanol or ethanol, and n‐hexane were used as the first and second eluting solvents, respectively. The objective of hydrolyzing the palm oil was to produce more polar FFA‐rich oil in order to enhance the nonpolar carotene bind to the nonpolar HP‐20 adsorbent in the column chromatography process. Hydrolyzing palm oil with lipase from Candida rugosa gave 30‐ and 60‐fold, respectively, of FFA in the crude palm oil and crude palm olein in 24 h at 50C. Approximately, 15.56 and 17.48% of carotene degraded in crude palm oil and crude palm olein, respectively. For column chromatography, using isopropanol or ethanol as the first eluting solvent, unhydrolyzed oil and hydrolyzed oil showed the carotene recovery infraction two (carotene‐rich fraction) of about 36–37 and 90–96%, respectively. Over 90% of carotene recovery was obtained from

Optimal conditions for the production of monoacylglycerol from crude palm oil by an enzymatic glycerolysis reaction and recovery of carotenoids from the reaction product

“…The carotenoids loss in this study was lower than that in the study of You et al (2002). Some carotenoid degradation or loss occurred during the glycerolysis reaction.…”

“…To extract and recover carotenoids from CPO, several methods have been developed. Because of the difference in the polarity of carotenoids and MAG, the mixture of the products can be separated by column chromatography (You et al, 2002). The aims of many methods are to convert the triacylglycerol (TAG) in CPO to highly polar products such as free fatty acid (FFA), fatty acid alkyl ester (FAAE) and glycerol.…”

“…TAG when reacted with glycerol produces MAG as a main product besides the FFA and diacylglycerol (DAG). Because of the difference in the polarity of carotenoids and MAG, the mixture of the products can be separated by column chromatography (You et al, 2002).…”

Technological Aspects of β-Carotene Production

“…According to the authors, this decreasing was even greater when the formed soap was removed by filtration. You et al (2002) used palm oil and immobilized lipolytic preparation from C. rugosa for improved carotenoids extraction, but in different conditions as cited above. In their work, the enzyme dosage used was 1% w/v, the phosphate buffer was replaced by water, the oil/water ratio was changed to 1/1, and the temperature and the reaction time were increased to 50°C and 24 h, respectively.…”

EFFECTS OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS ON CRUDE PALM OLEIN BY LIPASE FROM CANDIDA RUGOSA

“…In this study, CPOlein was hydrolyzed first to produce an oil rich in FFAs, which is more polar and hence could theoretically enhance the recovery of the less polar carotenes (You et al. 2002).…”