Optimal conditions for the production of monoacylglycerol from crude palm oil by an enzymatic glycerolysis reaction and recovery of carotenoids from the reaction product

Abstract

Summary Monoacylglycerol (MAG) was produced from crude palm oil (CPO) by the enzymatic glycerolysis reaction in organic solvents. The optimal conditions for MAG production from CPO were: the use of a mixture of tert‐butanol and hexane (1:1) as the organic solvents; an immobilised lipase of 40%; a molar ratio of glycerol to CPO of 8:1 with 4% of water content in the glycerol; and an initial CPO concentration of 10%. A maximum yield of 74.3% MAG was obtained with an initial production rate of 42.3 mg MAG mL−1 h−1. By converting CPO to the more polar MAG, the efficiency of recovery of carotenoids by adsorption column chromatography was improved up to 75.7% from 55.1% when using unconverted CPO. This study provides information that will be useful for developing an efficient and cheaper industrialised process for the production of MAG from CPO and recovery of carotenoids from the reaction product.

Green Synthesis of Decaglycerol Laurates by Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification of Methyl Laurate with Decaglycerol

“…To investigate the effect of the enzyme concentration on the conversion of methyl laurate, a number of experiments with various enzyme dosage (1∼9 wt.%) were performed. As displayed in Figure 4, the conversion of methyl laurate increased rapidly with lipase concentration increasing in the range of 1∼7 wt.%, which could be due to the increase in the concentration of catalyst causing an increase in the collision frequency with the reactants [17]. At 7 wt.%, the conversion reached 60%.…”

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

“…The study stated that the intraparticle diffusion rate of ß-carotene was improved by increasing the temperature to 50 • C, and a temperature beyond 50 • C was not desirable because of the heat-sensitive properties of ß-carotene. Several studies of carotenoids adsorption indicated that the optimal temperature of carotenoid adsorption was between 50 and 60 • C (Baharin et al, 1998;Latip et al, 2001;N. Majid & Cheirsilp, 2012;Muhammad et al, 2013;Ulfah et al, 2017).…”

“…Majid & Cheirsilp, 2012;Muhammad et al, 2013;Ulfah et al, 2017). Sometimes, a slightly higher operating temperature (50 to 65 • C) was advantageous because the viscosity of palm oil could be reduced while preserving the phytonutrients like squalene, carotenoids, and tocols (Baharin et al, 1998 N. Majid & Cheirsilp, 2012;Muhammad et al, 2013;Ulfah et al, 2017).…”

Highly Selective Synthesis of Monolaurin via Enzymatic Transesterification under Batch and Continuous Flow Conditions

“…Previous literature has shown that functional groups play more critical roles than solvent polarity in enzymatic reactions. All solvent molecules in both tert-butanol/iso-propanol and tert-butanol/tert-pentanol systems have alcoholic hydroxyl groups, which may play a crucial role in the entry of substrates into the active site of the enzyme 19 .…”