Recent Developments in the Plant‐Mediated Green Synthesis of Ag‐Based Nanoparticles for Environmental and Catalytic Applications

Abstract

Among different metallic nanoparticles, sliver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are one of the most essential and fascinating nanomaterials. Importantly, among the metal based nanoparticles, Ag NPs play a key role in various fields such as biomedicine, biosensors, catalysis, pharmaceuticals, nanoscience and nanotechnology, particularly in nanomedicine. A main concern about the chemical synthesis of Ag NPs is the production of hazardous chemicals and toxic wastes. To overcome this problem, many research studies have been carried out on the green synthesis of Ag NPs using green sources such as plant extracts, microorganisms and some biopolymers without formation of hazardous wastes. Among green sources, plants could be remarkably valuable to exploring the biosynthesis of Ag NPs. In this review, the green synthesis of Ag‐based nanocatalysts such as Ag NPs, AgPd NPs, Au−Ag NPs, Ag/AgPd NPs, Ag/Cu NPs, Ag@AgCl NPs, Au−Ag@AgCl nanocomposite, Ag−Cr‐AC nanocomposite and Ag NPs immobilized on various supports such as Natrolite zeolite, bone, ZnO, seashell, hazelnut shell, almond shell, SnO2, perlite, ZrO2, TiO2, α‐Al2O3, CeO2, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), h‐Fe2O3@SiO2, and Fe3O4 using numerous plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents in the absence of hazardous surfactant and capping agents has been focused. This work describes the state of the art and future challenges in the biosynthesis of Ag‐based nanocatalysts. The fact about the application of living plants in metal nanoparticle (MNPs) industry is that it is a more economical and efficient biosynthesis biosynthetic procedure. In addition, the catalytic activities of the synthesized, Ag‐based recyclable nanocatalysts using various plant extracts in several chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction, coupling, cycloaddition, cyanation, epoxidation, hydration, degradation and hydrogenation reactions have bben extensively discussed.

Green Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Based on Piper chaba Stem Extracts

“…Conventional methods for manufacturing AgNPs, such as chemical reduction, electrochemical process, photochemical reduction, laser ablation, hydrothermal method, microemulsion method, radiation-induced, radiolytic reduction, sonochemical reduction, pyrolysis, and lithography [ 13 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] are expensive, environmentally toxic, and/or hazardous. For example, the most typical chemical synthesis of AgNPs requires reducing agents such as sodium borohydride, hydroxylamine, sodium citrate, and hydrazine with environmentally undesirable solvents in some cases [ 28 ].…”

Comparison of Chemical and Biological Properties of Metal Nanoparticles (Au, Ag), with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and their Applications

“…For instance, green synthesis of Ag NPs has been successfully synthesised by using green sources like microorganisms, plant extracts, and some biopolymers without producing of hazardous wastes and this NP found to be a more economical and efficient biosynthesis procedure. Moreover, the catalytic activities of the synthesised, Ag-based recyclable nanocatalysts using several plant extracts in different chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction and have produced good results [81].…”

Trimetallic Nanoparticles: Greener Synthesis and Their Applications

“…Some of these synthetic methods may have some drawbacks, namely the use of potentially hazardous reducing/capping agents (e.g., hydrazine and poly- N -vinylpyrrolidone) and toxic solvents. Additionally, the conventional physicochemical procedures entail time consuming, expensive/special equipment requiring high energy, pressure, and temperature, culminating in the formation of toxic byproducts/wastes and hazardous materials [ 6 , 43 , 44 ]. Therefore, the design of greener and sustainable synthetic routes is preferred since they are safe, environmentally salubrious, and often cost-effective [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”