Trimetallic Nanoparticles: Greener Synthesis and Their Applications

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) and multifunctional nano-sized materials have significant applications in diverse fields, namely catalysis, sensors, optics, solar energy conversion, cancer therapy/diagnosis, and bioimaging. Trimetallic NPs have found unique catalytic, active food packaging, biomedical, antimicrobial, and sensing applications; they preserve an ever-superior level of catalytic activities and selectivity compared to monometallic and bimetallic nanomaterials. Due to these important applications, a variety of preparation routes, including hydrothermal, microemulsion, selective catalytic reduction, co-precipitation, and microwave-assisted methodologies have been reported for the syntheses of these nanomaterials. As the fabrication of nanomaterials using physicochemical methods often have hazardous and toxic impacts on the environment, there is a vital need to design innovative and well-organized eco-friendly, sustainable, and greener synthetic protocols for their assembly, by applying safer, renewable, and inexpensive materials. In this review, noteworthy recent advancements relating to the applications of trimetallic NPs and nanocomposites comprising these NPs are underscored as well as their eco-friendly and sustainable synthetic preparative options.

Facile Bio-Fabrication of Ag-Cu-Co Trimetallic Nanoparticles and Its Fungicidal Activity against Candida auris

“…Monometallic, bimetallic and multi-metallic nanoparticles are often synthesized through chemical or physical methods [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. However, there are many benefits to using green approaches, such as flexibility, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness and protection [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Three key factors to be carefully taken care of in the green synthesis method are the choice of green sources for solvent, reducing agent and stabilizing/capping agent [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Biosynthesis of spinel nickel ferrite nanowhiskers and their biomedical applications

“…The nanowhiskers with unique shape, electrical, optical, magnetic, and surface properties have shown attractive clinical and biomedical potentials 1 , 2 . Typically, the production of different nanostructures with well-organized morphologies and sizes is highly demanded by researchers and scientists due to their unique applications and properties 3 – 7 .…”

Magnetic porous nano‐carbon catalysts supported silver nanoparticles derived from chitin and their application in catalytic reduction reactions

“…For instance, noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit high dispersion and excellent catalytic activity in hydrogenation, oxidation, coupling, electrocatalysis, fuel cells, and photocatalysis 2–5 . It is well‐known that the chemical activity of NPs depended on the nano‐ or subnanosize of the particles 6–8 . However, the surface energy deciding the catalytic efficiency of noble metal NPs increases with a decreased particle size.…”