Recent Developments and Future Perspective on Electrochemical Glucose Sensors Based on 2D Materials

Abstract

Diabetes is a health disorder that necessitates constant blood glucose monitoring. The industry is always interested in creating novel glucose sensor devices because of the great demand for low-cost, quick, and precise means of monitoring blood glucose levels. Electrochemical glucose sensors, among others, have been developed and are now frequently used in clinical research. Nonetheless, despite the substantial obstacles, these electrochemical glucose sensors face numerous challenges. Because of their excellent stability, vast surface area, and low cost, various types of 2D materials have been employed to produce enzymatic and nonenzymatic glucose sensing applications. This review article looks at both enzymatic and nonenzymatic glucose sensors made from 2D materials. On the other hand, we concentrated on discussing the complexities of many significant papers addressing the construction of sensors and the usage of prepared sensors so that readers might grasp the concepts underlying such devices and related detection strategies. We also discuss several tuning approaches for improving electrochemical glucose sensor performance, as well as current breakthroughs and future plans in wearable and flexible electrochemical glucose sensors based on 2D materials as well as photoelectrochemical sensors.

Nanostructured Nickel‐based Non‐enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensors

“…The electrocatalytic behavior of Ni and NiO can be improved using doped carbon with another element [60] . Further, Ni based hybrid materials exhibits some special features including more active sites, high surface area and good electrical conductivity which enhance the detection process [61] . Nanostructured material increases the material properties, including the rate of electron transfer, excellent loading, the capability of adsorption, and biomolecule immobilization.…”

Emerging Two-Dimensional Materials-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Human Health and Environment Applications

“…Several review articles on 2D materials-based electrochemical sensors have been reported in the literature. For example, Reddy et al reviewed the reports on graphene and its derivatives for electrochemical biosensors [ 58 ]. Li et al focused on graphene-based sensors for nitrite and nitrate detection only [ 59 ].…”

Research Progress on Biomimetic Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Glucose Sensors

“…Recently, reviews have mainly focused on two major aspects for electrochemical glucose sensors: new electrochemical detection technologies based on different targets [ 25 , 37 , 38 ] and biomimetic nanomaterials [ 33 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. For various targets, Su’s group overviewed the implantable and wearable electrochemical glucose sensors, which contain saliva, sweat, tears, and interstitial fluid sensors [ 37 ]; Peng et al discussed the mechanisms of electrochemical and optical sensors for glucose detection in body fluids, such as blood, saliva, sweat, interstitial fluid, tears, and urine [ 38 ].…”