Recent advances on palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment and anaerobic reactor for sustainable biogas production

Abstract

Palm oil is one of the leading agricultural crops in the world, as it dominates 34% of the global vegetable oil market, with approximately 64.6*103 million kgs of production in 2017. However, along with its breakthrough, the generation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as uncontrolled waste has become a serious matter and requires proper management to reduce its negative effects on the environment. Subsequently, the high organic content of POME makes it possible to convert waste into value-added products, such as biogas. A ratio of 0.5 for biological oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD) indicates a high possibility for biological treatment. Recently, the utilisation of POME as a cheap source for biogas production has gained an extraordinary amount of attention, and intensive research has been conducted on the upstream to downstream process. Finding the most suitable and efficient pretreatment technique and reactor configuration are vital parameters for the treatment and conversion of POME to biogas. This review describes existing pretreatment processes for POME and recommends recently manufactured high-rate anaerobic reactors as the most suitable and efficient pretreatment technique for maximising the extraction of biogas from POME.

Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Via Vapour Induced Phase Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration

“…Rapid industrial development in the oil and gas, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food industries have led to large production of oily wastewater [ 1 ]. For instance, production of the palm oil mill effluent (POME) is one of main industrial causes of the production of oily wastewater in Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, which produced approximately 36, 21 and 2 million × 10 3 kg of palm oil, respectively, in 2017 [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. These values are estimated to be increasing annually, which eventually results in increasing discharge of oily wastewater [ 2 ].…”

A Model of Life Cycle on Biogas Feed to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell in Malaysia: Economic and Environmental Perspective

“…The relationship between the GHG emissions and electricity generation is where x is the parameter of electricity generation (Figure 7). According to the previous study, the GHGs emissions are from 200 to 600 kg CO2-EQ [19]. GHG emissions, y =0.1057 + 1.583 (4) Figure 8 shows the percentage contribution of climate change per electricity generation for the involved process.…”

Utilizing palm oil mill effluent (POME) for the immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae whole‐cell lipase strains for biodiesel synthesis

“…Treatment and disposal of POME have become serious environmental problems. The fat fraction of POME must be removed because it is a hazardous pollutant that is highly toxic to aquatic organisms due to high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) 25,26 . To preserve the environment, an efficient and sustainable management system in the treatment and utilization of these by‐products is needed.…”

“…The fat fraction of POME must be removed because it is a hazardous pollutant that is highly toxic to aquatic organisms due to high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). 25,26 To preserve the environment, an efficient and sustainable management system in the treatment and utilization of these by-products is needed. Palm oil mill effluent can be a reliable nutrient for microorganisms because it has a high organic content that includes carbohydrates, proteins, nitrogenous compounds, lipids, and minerals.…”