Recent advancements in solid electrolytes integrated into all-solid-state 2D and 3D lithium-ion microbatteries

Abstract

This review reports progress in solid electrolytes integrated into all-solid-state 2D and 3D lithium-ion microbatteries. The latest improvements, performance and challenges of the all-solid-state 2D and 3D structured microbatteries are analyzed.

Rechargeable Micro‐Batteries for Wearable and Implantable Applications

“…of nanowatts to milliwatts). [91][92][93] Consequently, most microelectronic devices mainly rely on external power sources. [94] Meanwhile, the increasing functions of energy consumption of wearable and implantable microelectronics also put forward urgent demands for MBs with ultrahigh energy densities.…”

“…The maximum energy and power densities they can provide are about 3 × 10 2 mWh cm −2 μm −1 and 10 mW cm −2 μm −1 , which in many cases are not powerful enough to continuously drive the complex functions of typical microelectronics (ranging from tens of nanowatts to milliwatts). [ 91–93 ] Consequently, most microelectronic devices mainly rely on external power sources. [ 94 ] Meanwhile, the increasing functions of energy consumption of wearable and implantable microelectronics also put forward urgent demands for MBs with ultrahigh energy densities.…”

All-solid-state thin-film batteries based on lithium phosphorus oxynitrides

“…Such a thin-film cell was prepared by using micromachining technology, and its cross-section image was primarily observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The recent literatures on micromachined thin-film batteries were reviewed and they will not be introduced here [2,35].…”

“…life, excellent mechanical strength, and good thermotolerance. These advantages make it suitable for potential applications such as smart cards, microsensors, microelectronics, and micromechanical devices as micropower sources that could not be replaced by other chemical batteries [1][2][3]. It is composed of thin films of the cathode, solid electrolyte and anode constructed on a substrate in sequence, and the schematic of the representative fabrication process for ASSTFB based on lithium phosphorus oxygen nitrogen (LiPON) thin-film solid electrolyte is shown in figure 1.…”

A mini-review focusing on ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) based synthesis of layered transition metal selenides for energy storage applications

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The layered structure of these TMDCs makes them active candidates for energy storage and supercapacitor applications due to the following advantages: (i) the large specific surface area ensures a large contact area between the active materials and the electrolyte, enabling fast ''Faradaic'' and ''nonfaradaic'' reactions at the surfaces of layered TMDCs; (ii) the edge sites of layered TMDCs act as adsorption sites for metal ions and thus contribute to extra metal-ion storage capacities; (iii) the adjacent X-M-X layers in layered TMDCs are coupled by weak van der Waals forces and the interlayer space between layers can realize fast ion diffusion, insertion, and extraction, and better material utilization during the metal-ion insertion process; and (iv) the thin and flexible characteristics of 2D TMDC nanosheets allow them to be incorporated into flexible electrochemical/energy storage devices. 6,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] 2D layered TMDCs range from insulating to semiconducting and semi-metallic to true metallic. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Therefore, these materials are used in electronics, catalysis, photovoltaics, and batteries.…”