Rabbit VX2 Tumors as an Animal Model of Uterine Fibroids and for Uterine Artery Embolization

Rhee, Thomas K.; Ryu, Robert K.; Bangash, Affaan K.; Wang, Dingxin; Szolc-Kowalska, Barbara; Harris, Kathleen R.; Sato, Kent T.; Chrisman, Howard B.; Vogelzang, Robert L.; Paunesku, Tatjana; Woloschak, Gayle E.; Larson, Andrew C.; Omary, Reed A.

doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2007.01.013

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…VX2 carcinoma is an anaplastic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) derived from a virusinduced papilloma in rabbits. The VX2 tumor model, originally proposed by Shope and Hurst (1) in 1933, is used by interventional radiologists today for studies involving liver (2,3), kidney (4), head and neck (5), uterine (6) and lung (7) tumors. In the liver (8,9), the rabbit VX2 tumor model is widely used because a) its hepatic artery blood supply is similar to that of human liver tumors (10), b) it grows rapidly (9), c) it develops tumors of large enough size to be imaged (2), d) rabbits are large enough for effective catheter manipulation (2,11), and e) VX2, like advanced stage human tumors, is highly glycolytic, with elevated levels of mitochondrial bound hexokinase (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Different Methods for Inoculating VX2 Tumors in Rabbit Livers and Hind Limbs

Virmani

Harris

Szolc-Kowalska

et al. 2008

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Different Methods for Inoculating VX2 Tumors in Rabbit Livers and Hind Limbs

Virmani

Harris

Szolc-Kowalska

et al. 2008

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology

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“…Six New Zealand White adult female rabbits (Covance, Denver, PA) were used for uterine tumor implantation. An additional 2 donor rabbits were used to incubate VX2 tumors in the hind limbs to propagate the VX2 uterine tumor model (14). We selected this animal model because the sufficiently large caliber of rabbit vascular anatomy permits catheterization and subsequent embolization in a manner that approximates the clinical scenario.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immediately prior to uterine tumor surgical implantation, VX2 tumors were harvested from the donor hind-limb rabbits and prepared into a cell solution as previously described (14). Animal health technologists with extensive experience in rabbit care and surgery performed all of the operations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four‐dimensional transcatheter intra‐arterial perfusion MR imaging before and after uterine artery embolization in the rabbit VX2 tumor model

Chung

Wang

Lewandowski

et al. 2010

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To test the hypothesis that four-dimensional (4D) transcatheter intra-arterial perfusion (TRIP) MR imaging can measure uterine fibroid perfusion changes immediately before and after uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the rabbit VX2 tumor model. Materials and Methods:Eight VX2 uterine tumors were grown in six rabbits. After positioning a catheter within the uterine artery, we performed 4D TRIP-MRI measurements with 3-mL injections of 2.5% gadopentetate dimeglumine. We used a dynamic 3D spoiled-gradient echo sequence with in vivo B 1 -field correction for improved accuracy during perfusion quantification. We performed UAE using 1 mL of gelatin microspheres (2 Â 10 6 particles; diameter 40-120 mm). Two regions-of-interest were drawn within each tumor upon perfusion maps. Functional embolic endpoints were reported as the mean percent reduction in fibroid tumor perfusion. Measurements before and after UAE were compared using paired t-tests (a ¼ 0.05).Results: VX2 uterine tumor perfusion decreased significantly from 27.1 at baseline to 7.09 after UAE (mL/min/ 100 mL of tissue, P < 0.0001). Overall perfusion reduction was 76.3% (95% confidence interval: 66.3-86.3%).Conclusion: Four-dimensional TRIP MRI can objectively quantify uterine fibroid perfusion reductions during UAE in VX2 rabbits. This technique could be used clinically to potentially determine an optimal embolic endpoint with the long-term goals of improving UAE success rates and minimizing procedure-related ischemic pain.

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“…The VX2 model of cancer in rabbits has been established previously in translational studies of uterine (14), liver (15, 16), lung (17, 18), brain (19, 20) and renal (21, 22) neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the VX2 rabbit model of pancreatic cancer could be developed as a suitable platform to test future interventional therapies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a VX2 Pancreatic Cancer Model in Rabbits: A Pilot Study

Eifler¹,

Lewandowski²,

Virmani³

et al. 2009

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology

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PURPOSE-An animal model of pancreatic cancer that is large enough to permit imaging and catheterization would be desirable for interventional radiologists to develop novel therapies for pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the VX2 rabbit model of pancreatic cancer could be developed as a suitable platform to test future interventional therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS-The authors implanted and grew three pancreatic VX2 tumors per rabbit in six rabbits. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed at two weeks to confirm tumor growth. At three weeks, the authors selectively catheterized the gastroduodenal artery under guidance of x-ray digital subtraction angiography (DSA). T2-weighted anatomic, diffusion-weighted (DWI), and transcatheter intraarterial perfusion (TRIP) MR imaging were then performed. Following imaging, tumors were confirmed at necropsy and histopathology. Size of tumors at two and three weeks was compared using a paired t-test (P = .05).RESULTS-VX2 pancreatic tumors were grown in 6/6 rabbits. The difference between tumor size at two and three weeks, 1.29 cm (± 0.39) and 1.91 cm (±0.50) respectively, was statistically significant (p < .001). All tumors were confirmed to be located within pancreatic tissue via histopathology. DSA, TRIP MR, DWI and anatomic MR imaging was successful in 5/6 rabbits. DWI and anatomic MR imaging was successful in 6/6 rabbits.CONCLUSION-The VX2 rabbit model of pancreatic cancer is feasible, as verified by imaging and pathologic correlation, and may be a suitable platform to test future interventional therapies.

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Rabbit VX2 Tumors as an Animal Model of Uterine Fibroids and for Uterine Artery Embolization

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Comparison of Two Different Methods for Inoculating VX2 Tumors in Rabbit Livers and Hind Limbs

Comparison of Two Different Methods for Inoculating VX2 Tumors in Rabbit Livers and Hind Limbs

Four‐dimensional transcatheter intra‐arterial perfusion MR imaging before and after uterine artery embolization in the rabbit VX2 tumor model

Development of a VX2 Pancreatic Cancer Model in Rabbits: A Pilot Study

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