Quantitative analysis of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in eggs via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Development and comparison of liquid–liquid extraction and accelerated solvent extraction methods for quantitative analysis of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, and florfenicol amine in poultry eggs

“…ESI (−) mode can be used to achieve higher sensitivity. FFA is a weakly basic drug that contains a nitrogen‐containing group, and higher response values can be obtained using ESI (+) mode, which is consistent with the results of Barreto et al and Xie et al On the basis of a comparison of experimental results, it was ultimately determined to scan FFA in ESI (+) mode and CAP, d5‐CAP, TAP, and FF in ESI (−) mode. In the MS/MS experiments, one precursor ion and two product ions for each target compound were used for the confirmatory analysis, and the most abundant of these ions was used for quantitative purposes in compliance with Decision 2002/657/EC .…”

“…On the basis of previous research, we extracted CAP, TAP, FF, and FFA from poultry eggs by the LLE method with ethyl acetate:acetonitrile:ammonium hydroxide (49:49:2, v /v) as the extractant, and the recovery and precision of 0.3 μg/kg CAP, 50.0 μg/kg TAP, and 100.0 μg/kg FF and FFA were determined by UPLC‐MS/MS. On the basis of the results shown in Table S2, verifying the feasibility of the extraction method of Xie et al To reduce the sample processing time and reagent dose, we developed an ASE method to extract CAP, TAP, FF, and FFA from poultry eggs.…”

“…At a pressure of 1500 psi, the ASE method is capable of extracting CAP, TAP, FF, and FFA residues from poultry eggs. Barreto et al and Xie et al reported that FFA extraction was favoured under alkaline conditions because FFA is a weakly alkaline drug that exhibits increased solubility at the higher pH encountered in the environment. In the current study, the effects of different alkaline extractants (ethyl acetate:acetonitrile:ammonium hydroxide [49:49:2, v /v], ethyl acetate:ammonium hydroxide [98:2, v/v], and ethyl acetate:ammonium hydroxide [97:3, v/v]) on the extraction recovery were compared at 1500 psi and 40°C to 120°C.…”

“…Various extraction methods were employed to extract CAP, TAP, FF, and FFA from animal-derived foods. These methods included LLE, 10,12,17,19,20 fabric-phase sorptive extraction (FPSE), 11 matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), 15,22 LLE-solid-phase extraction (LLE-SPE), 16,24,25 QuEChERS extraction, 18 SPE, 21 and subcritical water extraction (SWE). 23 The LLE method for extracting samples is simple, but it consumes a large quantity of reagents and takes a long time and is thus not suitable for batch processing of samples.…”

“…To date, various methods have been used to measure CAP, TAP, FF, and FFA in animal-derived foods; these methods include the fluorescent microsphere lateral flow immunoassay (FM-LFA), 7 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 8,9 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (RP-HPLC-UVD), 10 HPLC with diode array detection (DAD), 11 RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD), 12 LC-mass spectrometry (MS), 13,14 LC tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), [15][16][17][18][19][20] ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/ MS, [21][22][23][24] and gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NCI/MS). 25 In previous research, we developed an LC-MS/MS 20 method for the simultaneous determination of CAP, TAP, FF, and FFA in eggs.…”