Development and comparison of liquid–liquid extraction and accelerated solvent extraction methods for quantitative analysis of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, and florfenicol amine in poultry eggs

Abstract

Accelerated solvent extraction was investigated as a novel alternative technology for the separation and quantitative analysis of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, and florfenicol amine from poultry eggs, and the results were compared with the results of liquid–liquid extraction. Rapid quantification of the target compounds was carried out by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. This optimized method was validated according to the requirements defined by the European Union and the United States Food and Drug Administration. Finally, the new approach was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of these analytes in 90 commercial poultry eggs from local supermarkets.

Simultaneous Quantification of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, Florfenicol, and Florfenicol Amine in Animal and Aquaculture Products Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Furthermore, the LODs and LOQs were lower than the MRLs established for each drug. The LOQ of FFA was similar or higher than that in other studies ( 25 , 27 ); however, the values for the other tested analytes were generally lower.…”

“…Various analytical methods entailing LC-MS/MS have been reported for determining amphenicols in animal tissues following various extraction techniques, either single (22,23) or multiple analytes (24)(25)(26)(27). For example, CAP was extracted from seafood products, honey, and royal jelly using methanol by Kikuchi et al (22).…”

In2O3/Bi2S3 S-scheme Heterojunction-Driven Molecularly Imprinted Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Florfenicol

“…FF inhibits bacterial protein by effectively blocking transpeptidases . Due to hazardous side effects on the hematological system and the growth of microorganisms with antibiotic resistance, FF is strictly regulated worldwide . The maximum residue limits for FF in animal food have been set at 100–3000 μg kg –1 in China, USA, and Europe .…”

“…5 Due to hazardous side effects on the hematological system and the growth of microorganisms with antibiotic resistance, FF is strictly regulated worldwide. 6 The maximum residue limits for FF in animal food have been set at 100−3000 μg kg −1 in China, USA, and Europe. 7 At the same time, the biological activity of FF can persist in the soil for an extended period, and irrigation with wastewater can also lead to some FF residues in plants, which may impact plant growth.…”

Highly Sensitive Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Aquatic Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…[ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Among them, HPLC–MS/MS technology has drawn substantial attention owing to its rapid response, good sensitivity, high accuracy, strong separation ability, satisfactory compatibility of positive/negative ion modes, and widespread application in complex samples, such as swine, bovine, poultry eggs, and chicken muscle [ 30 ,, 31 ,, 32 ,]. However, the accumulation of antibiotics in aquatic products even a trace amount of amphenicol residues is likely a potential threat to public health and requires more attention during consumption and diet [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”