Qualitative phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial effects of methanol stem bark extract of <i>Ficus thonningii</i> (Moraceae)

Abstract

The methanolic stem bark extract of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial tests. The phytochemical tests was carried out using standard methods of analysis and these investigations revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was assayed using the agar plate disc diffusion and nutrient broth dilution techniques. Test micro organisms were: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi (Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. (Grampositive). The extracts inhibited the growth of all the test organisms at different concentrations especially againstPseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus spp. which had mean inhibition zone of 33.33±7.33 mm and 32.33±2.51 mm respectively. The results showed the MIC of 10 mg ml -1 against pseudomonas and 1.25 against remaining organisms tested. The MBC against Staphylococcus aureus was 2.5 mg ml -1 and that of Streptococcus spp. was found to be 0.625mg ml -1 . The extracts showed varied inhibitory activity against the organisms studied.

Effect of Extracts Aqueous of Phragmites Australis on Carbohydrate Metabolism, Some Enzyme Activities and Pancreatic Islet Tissue in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…The methods of Sasidharan et al (2011) [10] and Usman et al (2009) [11] were used to identify the following phytochemicals in the extracts: alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides.…”

“…They were placed in three groups of six rats in each and kept in animal's house of molecular and cellular biology department, university of El Oued, Algeria. Standard rats food and tap water were available ad libitum for the duration of the experiments unless otherwise noted [11]. Animals were acclimated for two weeks under the same laboratory conditions of photoperiod (12h light/12 h dark) with a relative humidity 64.5 % and room temperature of 22±2 C°.…”

Anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity of Aloe dawei and Justicia betonica

“…The phytochemical compound in the ether extracts were determined using the following methods (Sofowora, 1993;Trease and Evans, 2002;Usman et al, 2009;Damodaran and Manohar, 2012).…”

“…Few drops of 1% ferric chloride solution were added to 2 ml of the filtrate. Occurrence of a blue-black, green or blue-green precipitate indicates the presence of tannins (Trease and Evans, 2002;Usman et al, 2009;Damodaran and Manohar, 2012).…”

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and calcium channel blocking activities of <i>Amberboa divaricata</i>

“…Preliminary phytochemical analysis: Phytochemical analysis of crude extract of A. divaricata (AD.Cr) was perform -ed by methods as previously described (Usman et al, 2009). Briefly the presence of alkaloids was detected when orange precipitates appeared on treating with Dragendorff's reagent.…”