Qualidade do ar, ambiente térmico e desempenho de suínos criados em creches com dimensões diferentes

Abstract

RESUMO:Em uma suinocultura, a fase de creche é considerada crítica, na qual o animal fica exposto às condições ambientais do recinto onde está alojado, sem a proteção da matriz e inserido em um meio social coletivo e desconhecido. Essa fase requer ambiente térmico mais aquecido e, por isso, em período de inverno, os abrigos são mantidos mais fechados, o que pode ser agravante em termos de renovação do ar. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar duas creches de dimensões diferentes, em período de inverno, levando-se em consideração o ambiente térmico, a qualidade do ar e o desempenho dos animais alojados nessas instalações. Foram utilizadas duas creches com dimensões diferentes (I e II), ambas sem nenhum tipo de aquecimento. Foram feitas medições de concentrações instantâneas de NH 3 (ppm), CO (ppm) e CO 2 (ppm). Dados relativos ao conforto térmico ambiente (temperatura e umidade) foram coletados continuamente. Concluiu-se que a concentração dos gases CO 2 e NH 3 , mensurados em ambas as creches, não atingiram níveis que possam causar danos à saúde dos animais; não houve concentração mensurável do gás monóxido de carbono em nenhuma das mesmas; o ambiente térmico nas creches, no período estudado, esteve em condições consideradas confortáveis. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:ambiência animal, conforto térmico, instalação suinícola. AIR QUALITY, THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF SWINES RAISED IN FARROWING WITH DIFFERENT DIMENSIONSABSTRACT: The phase of swine nursery is considered a critical one, in which the animal is exposed to environmental conditions of the premises on which it is located, without the matrix protection and inserted into a social collective and unknown environment. This phase requires a more heated thermal environment and, because of that, on winter time the shelters are kept more closed, which can cause damage in terms of renewing the air. This work has the objective of evaluating two different sizes of farrowing on winter time, considering thermal environment, air quality and performance of animals located in these facilities. We used two different sizes (I and II), both without any kind of heating. Were measured instantaneous concentrations of NH 3 (ppm), CO (ppm) and CO 2 (ppm). Data relating to thermal comfort environment (temperature and humidity) were collected continuously. It was concluded that the concentration of CO 2 and NH 3 gases, measured in both farrowing, did not reach levels that could harm the health of animals; with no measurable concentration of carbon monoxide gas in any of these, the thermal environment in the farrowing during the studied time was considered comfortable.

Thermal performance and concentration of gases in facilities for pigs in semiarid region from State of Paraiba - Brazil

“…Analyzing the values of ambient temperature (AT) and taking as basis the values of the thermal comfort zones (TCZ), for pigs in the nursery and finishing phase, quoted by FERREIRA (2005) it was noted that in the rainy season, in the nursery phase, in most times there was comfort, because in this period, in semiarid region, warmer temperatures occur. These values were similar to those reported by CAMPOS et al (2009), in a research on pig nursery in the winter; in the dry season, only at 7; 8; 9 am and 5 pm, there was thermal comfort, which according to FERREIRA (2005) should be between 22 to 26 °C. The maintenance of the piglets in their thermal comfort zones is important so that the absorbed nutrients are used for body growth and not for thermogenesis.…”

“…This difference in concentration of NH 3 between the hours was also observed by SILVEIRA et al (2009) andCAMPOS et al (2009), in researches of pigs nursery. This low concentration of NH 3 may be associated with the types of facilities, which had side vents, good natural ventilation system, and health care management.…”

“…The average concentrations of H 2 S and CO were below 1 ppm and CH 4 below 0.1 ppm (corresponding to the resolution limit of the instrument), and these concentrations are within the limits recommended by CIGR (1994), for the animals, and limits recommended by the NR-15 (1978) and ACGIH (2001) for the worker, characterizing the environment as wholesome. These values may be related to the facilities where the animals were housed, since it was open with good ventilation (SAMPAIO et al, 2005;CAMPOS et al, 2009;SILVEIRA et al, 2009). The O 2 values remained constant at a level of 21%, being into the condition of wholesomeness.…”

Uso da geoestatística na avaliação de variáveis ambientais em galpão de suínos criados em sistema "wean to finish" na fase de terminação

“…Nesta face esquerda, também se podem observar as maiores médias da concentração dos gases CO2 e NH3, sendo que a produção de CO2 pelos animais está diretamente relacionada com sua produção de calor, ou seja, diretamente relacionada ao ambiente térmico (CAMPOS et al, 2009). …”

Piglet Behavior Influenced by Artificial Light During Nursery Period

“…This activity is performed staggered over time with a small profit margin, not considering the individual care to the animals. Their suffering may result from physical or psychological deprivation in confinement, such as: lack of space, social isolation, and inability to move, among others (CAMPOS et al, 2009). …”