“…Use of corticosteroids, even for short durations, for underlying chronic lung disease or other indications is a risk factor for the development of hyperinfection syndrome with pulmonary involvement (25,44,49,60,194). Though rare, pulmonary strongyloidiasis is a potential complication of HIV/AIDS (43,51,97,101). Several other factors, such as hematologic malignancy, immunosuppressive drug therapy, solid organ transplantation, hematopoietic cell transplantation, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection, hypogammaglobulinemia, and malnutrition, have all also been associated with Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome (79,164,197).…”