Protein Degradation in the Rumen and Amino Acid Absorption in the Small Intestine of Lactating Dairy Cattle Fed Various Protein Sources

Santos, Karolina; Stern, M. D.; Satter, L.D.

doi:10.2527/jas1984.581244x

Cited by 122 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Santos and Pedroso (2011) emphasized that the reduction in microbial production may be related to lower carbohydrate availability and lower dietary protein degradability for protein synthesis. This can explain the results of the current study because, according to Santos et al (1984), brewers' grains generate a smaller contribution of ammonia N due to lower ruminal degradable CP present in this feed. Additionally, diets with higher DBG levels also had lower corn proportions (Table 1), which reduced the availability of rapidly fermenting carbohydrates, limiting microbial growth and protein synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The CP digestibility was high because, although the brewers' grains present low ruminal degradability, high intestinal digestibility (Santos et al, 1984) leads to a high total apparent digestibility. This was also reported by Geron et al (2007), who found larger amounts of rumen undegradable protein but degradable in the small intestine with fermented beer residue (394 g kg -1 CP) compared with soybean meal (187 g kg -1 CP).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of dried brewers' grains instead of soybean meal to feed lactating cows

et al. 2017

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-The objective of this study was to determine the optimal level of dried brewers' grains (DBG) to replace soybean meal in diets for lactating Holstein cows. Five cows, around 88±28 days in milk, were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design and fed diets containing different levels of DBG (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The forage:concentrate ratio of the diet was 50:50. Feed intake, dry matter, nutrient digestibility, microbial synthesis, milk production and composition, and the economic viability of the diets were evaluated. There was reduction in dry matter intake and, consequently, in crude protein and non-fiber carbohydrates with increased levels of DBG. This occurred due to physical limitation of rumen caused by increased neutral detergent fiber intake. Ether extract intake also increased with levels of DBG due to higher concentrations of this nutrient in the diet. Apparent dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased with replacement of soybean meal by DBG. Milk production showed a quadratic effect and the levels of fat, protein, and total solids reduced linearly. Each 1% of soybean meal replaced by DBG in concentrate led to a reduction of 0.04, 0.02, and 0.06 g kg -1 of milk fat, protein, and total solids, respectively. The milk production efficiency increased linearly and the microbial synthesis efficiency was not affected. The economic return increased along with the DBG levels. Thus, DBG levels replacing up to 75% of soybean meal can be used to feed lactating cows, since it provides improvements in digestibility, milk production efficiency, and economic return without affecting microbial efficiency.Key Words: by-product, digestibility, intake, milk composition, protein, purine Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of dried brewers' grains instead of soybean meal to feed lactating cows

et al. 2017

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“…Subsequently, groups of comparisons were tested for homogeneity between and within groups. All data were taken or calculated from experiments reported in 57 independent studies (Kung et al, 1983;Stern et al, 1983;Prange et al, 1984;Robinson and Sniffen, 1984;Santos et al, 1984;Robinson et al, 1985;Rode et al, 1985;Stern et al, 1985;Armentano et al, 1986;Lu et al, 1988;Price et al, 1988;McCarthy et al, 1989;Waltz et al, 1989;Herrera-Saldana et al, 1990;King et al, 1990;Klusmeyer et al, 1990Klusmeyer et al, , 1991aCameron et al, 1991;Lynch et al, 1991;Ohajuruka et al, 1991;Stokes et al, 1991;Erasmus et al, 1992Erasmus et al, , 1994Aldrich et al, 1993;Christensen et al, 1993aChristensen et al, , 1996Cunningham et al, 1993Cunningham et al, , 1994Cunningham et al, , 1996Feng et al, 1993;Poore et al, 1993;Tice et al, 1993;Benchaar et al, 1994;Pantoja et al, 1994Pantoja et al, , 1995Calsamiglia et al, 1995;Oliveira et al, 1995;Overton et al, 1995;Yoon and Stern, 1996;Chan et al, 1997;…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of Data From Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the Source and Amount of Crude Protein on the Intestinal Supply of Nitrogen Fractions and Performance of Dairy Cows

Ipharraguerre

Clark

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this article was to review and summarize the significance of the amount and source of dietary crude protein supplements on the supply of nitrogen fractions passing to the small intestine and the performance of lactating dairy cows. A meta-analysis was used to evaluate 2 data sets, one for nitrogen flow to the small intestine and one for performance of cows. The response of dairy cows to rumen-undegradable protein supplements is variable. A portion of this variable response from research trials is explained by the source of crude protein in the control diet, the proportion and source of rumen-undegradable protein in the experimental diet, the effect of rumen-undegradable protein on microbial protein outflow from the rumen, the degradability and amino acid content of the rumen-undegradable protein, and the crude protein percentage of the diet. Compared with soybean meal, the mean milk production responses to feeding rumen-undegradable protein supplements ranged from −2.5 to +2.75%. Because of the large variation and small magnitude of response when rumen-undegradable protein supplements are fed compared with soybean meal, efficiency of nitrogen utilization and the cost to benefit ratio for these crude protein supplements may determine the source and amount of crude protein to feed to dairy cows in the future. (Key words: dairy cow performance, meta-analysis, nitrogen flow to small intestine, rumen-undegradable protein)Abbreviation key: EAA = essential amino acids, NANMN = nonammonia, nonmicrobial N, RUP mix = a mixture of animal, marine, and/or plant protein, SBM = solvent-extracted soybean meal.

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“…This demonstrates the excessive intake of protein in the diet and an energy deficit or lack of synchronisation of degradable and non-degradable fractions in the rumen (SANTOS et al, 1984). This is because there is a direct relationship between blood concentrations of urea nitrogen with dietary protein intake, as well as the energy: protein ratio (CLAYPOOL et al, 1980;CONTRERAS, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition in dairy cows fed silage of wet brewers grain

Souza¹,

Zambom²,

Alcalde³

et al. 2016

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the supply of wet brewers grain silage with and without nutrient additives in ensiling (wheat bran, soybeans hulls and ground corn), and the effect of additives on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients as well as the efficiency, production and milk composition of Holstein cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows were used, with an average milk production of 25 liters per day. The cows were randomly assigned, via the Latin Square design (4x4), to one of four experimental diets. The experimental period was 21 days. The results obtained in the experiment were evaluated by analysis of variance, Fisher's F test and Tukey's test at 5 % probability. The experimental diets consisted of wet brewers grain silage alone, and this silage with the addition of wheat bran, soybean hulls or ground corn. The diets did not affect the initial body weight of the animals. Diets containing wheat bran and ground corn provided a higher intake of dry matter (21.78 -1 DM) when cows were fed diets containing soybean hulls and ground corn, respectively, were higher than other diets. The different diets did not change daily milk production, milk production corrected for 3.5 % fat or milk composition. The milk urea nitrogen from cows fed ground corn diets was a lower concentration (17.67 mg dL -1 ), however, it was still above the suitable range (10 to 14 mg dL -1 ). Providing wet brewers grain silage with soybeans hulls or ground corn to Holstein cows increased the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients. However, the use of silages with wheat bran, soybean hulls or ground corn did not alter the efficiency, production or milk composition of cows fed with these silages. Key words: Nutrient additives. Agro-industrial by-products. Ground corn. Soybean hulls. Milk urea nitrogen. Wheat bran. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do farelo de trigo (FT), casca do grão de soja (CGS) ou milho moído (MM) na ensilagem do resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC), e seus efeitos sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes, bem como, sobre a eficiência, produção e composição do leite de vacas da raça Holandês. Foram utilizadas quatro vacas da raça Holandês, multíparas, com produção média de 28 litros/dia, distribuídas no delineamento em quadrado latino (4x4), com quatro períodos experimentais de 21 dias e quatro silagens. As vacas foram alimentadas com dietas compostas por feno de Tifton 85, silagens do RUC e ração concentrada. Os tratamentos consistiram de silagem do RUC (SRUC), silagem do RUC com FT (SRFT), CGS (SRCGS) ou MM (SRMM). As dietas não interferiram no peso corporal dos animais. As inclusões do FT ou MM, na ensilagem do RUC, proporcionaram maiores consumos de matéria seca e matéria orgânica das dietas SRFT e SRMM. As maiores digestibilidades da matéria seca, orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e proteína bruta foram observadas nas dietas SRCGS e SRMM. A produção diária, a produção corrigida para 3,5 % de gordura e a composição do leite não foram alteradas pela...

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Protein Degradation in the Rumen and Amino Acid Absorption in the Small Intestine of Lactating Dairy Cattle Fed Various Protein Sources

Cited by 122 publications

References 24 publications

Use of dried brewers' grains instead of soybean meal to feed lactating cows

Use of dried brewers' grains instead of soybean meal to feed lactating cows

Impacts of the Source and Amount of Crude Protein on the Intestinal Supply of Nitrogen Fractions and Performance of Dairy Cows

Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition in dairy cows fed silage of wet brewers grain

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