Impacts of the Source and Amount of Crude Protein on the Intestinal Supply of Nitrogen Fractions and Performance of Dairy Cows

Ipharraguerre, I.R.; Clark, James H.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73134-9

Cited by 91 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 174 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Maximum milk yield was achieved at 23% CP in the diet. Similar results were reported by Ipharraguerre and Clark (2005a) using a larger data set (112 studies published from and different methodologies. They estimated increases in milk yield of 0.94 and 0.42 kg d -1 when dietary CP was increased from 15 to 16 and 19 to 20%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Diet crude protein content and sources for lactating dairy cattle

Imaizumi

Santos²,

Bittar³

et al. 2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Feeding extra protein as an attempt to increase amino acid flux to the intestine may increase lactational performance of dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to compare lactating dairy cow diets containing 16% crude protein (CP), adequate in rumen degradable protein (RDP) and metabolizable protein (MP) according to NRC (2001), with diets containing 17.5% CP. Forty-two Holstein cows (27 primiparous and 15 multiparous, with 172 days in milk) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin Square design with 14 replicates. Control diet consisted of 16% CP, adequate in RDP and MP . Crude protein content of diets was increased to 17.5% by feeding extra soybean meal and cottonseed meal (SBCS-17.5) to increase diet MP, or extra urea (U-17.5) to increase diet RDP. The experiment was carried out during 60 days with three periods. Animals were groupfed a total mixed ration and milked twice a day. Dry matter intake was higher for the U-17.5 diet (p < 0.15) than for the control diet. Milk (p < 0.01) and 3.5% fat corrected milk (FCM-3.5%) (p < 0.05) yields were increased by extra soybean and cottonseed meal (SBCS-17.5) but not by extra urea (U-17.5). Milk fat content and yield were not affected by treatments (p > 0.05). Milk protein content decreased (p < 0.01) by feeding extra urea (U-17.5). However, higher (p < 0.01) protein yields were observed for the SBCS-17.5 treatment. For cows milking around 29 kg d -1 , increasing diet CP content to 17.5%, by feeding extra soybean and cottonseed meal, beyond recommendations for RDP and MP, increased yields of milk, yields of 3.5% fat corrected milk and yields of milk protein.Key words: cottonseed meal, metabolizable protein, protein sources, rumen degradable protein, soybean meal Quantidades e formas de proteína dietética para vacas em lactação RESUMO: O fornecimento de dietas com maior teor de proteína para aumentar o fluxo de aminoácidos para o intestino pode aumentar o desempenho lactacional. Compararam-se dietas para vacas em lactação contendo 16% de proteína bruta (PB), adequada em proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR) e proteína metabolizável (PM) (NRC, 2001) com dietas com maiores teores de PB (17,5%) . Quarenta e duas vacas (27 primíparas e 15 multíparas, com 172 dias em lactação) foram utilizadas em um delineamento do tipo Quadrado Latino 3 × 3, com 14 repetições. A dieta controle continha 16% de PB e era adequada em PDR e PM de acordo com o NRC (2001). O teor de PB das dietas foi aumentado para 17,5% através do aumento no fornecimento de farelo de soja e de algodão (SBCS-17,5) para aumentar a PM, ou uréia (U-17,5) para aumentar a PDR. O experimento teve duração de 60 dias com três subperíodos. Os animais foram alimentados em grupo com ração completa e ordenhados duas vezes ao dia. O consumo de matéria seca foi maior para a dieta U-17,5 (p < 0,15) do que para a dieta controle. A produção de leite (p < 0,01) e de leite corrigido para gordura 3,5% (LCG-3,5%) (p < 0,05) foram aumentadas com o maior fornecimento de farelo de soja e de algodão (SBCS-17,5) mas não pelo maior fornecime...

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Diet crude protein content and sources for lactating dairy cattle

Imaizumi

Santos²,

Bittar³

et al. 2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the EGS treatment, the animals that received RUP had higher milk production than those that received RDP, which may be associated with a higher availability of amino acids in the small intestine from digesting the protein that escaped microbial degradation in the rumen (Broderick, 2003). Huhtanen and Hristov (2009) and Ipharraguerre and Clark (2005) found that raising RUP levels of the diet is not necessarily associated with positive increments in milk production. Huhtanen and Hristov (2009) stated that one of the possible causes of these inconsistent responses to elevated dietary RUP levels may be related to an excess of metabolizable protein supply, i.e., in excess of the amount required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and metabolite profile of dairy cows fed tropical grasses and concentrates containing crude protein with low or high degradability

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Ten Holstein-Zebu crossbred cows distributed into two simultaneous Latin squares (5 × 5) as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement formed by chopped sugarcane or elephant grass silage, both with high or low protein degradability supplements and a corn silage as a control treatment, were compared using orthogonal contrasts. The studied variables were the performance, plasma concentrations of urea-N, glucose, and creatinine, urine-N and milk urea-N, and the nychthemeral variation in NH 3 -N in the rumen fluid of dairy cows. Nutrient intake, milk production, and milk composition were affected by the treatments. The total mixed ration containing elephant grass silage combined with rumen undegradable protein (RUP) provided balanced amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the rumen. This effect may explain the 18% increase in milk yield compared with the other treatments. The diurnal pattern of ruminal NH 3 -N was interpreted with a sinusoid model. In general, cows fed elephant grass silage exhibited higher concentrations of blood plasma and milk urea-N than animals fed sugarcane. The cows that consumed elephant grass silage with rumen degradable protein concentrate showed a higher milk urea-N compared with animals that consumed elephant grass silage with the RUP concentrate. The use of diets based on corn silage leads to a better use of nitrogen compounds because these diets resulted in lower levels of urea-N in the plasma, urine, and milk at the same level of milk production compared with diets containing elephant grass silage or chopped sugarcane as roughages. In sugarcane-based diets, even greater nitrogen losses in the urine are observed, despite the presence of readily fermentable carbohydrates in the diet.

show abstract

“…The optimal HC inclusion observed in this study (Figure 1) had a CP concentration that was similar to the 165 g/kg DM resulting in maximum yields of milk (38.3 kg/day) and milk protein (1.18 kg/day) in a study by Olmos Colmenero and Broderick (2006). A meta-analysis by Ipharraguerre and Clark (2005) shows a significant curvilinear relationship (R 2 5 0.19) between milk yield and the CP concentration in the diet (ranging from 121 to 258 g/kg DM), but they reported the highest milk yield at a much higher CP concentration of 230 g/kg DM.…”

Section: Milk Yield and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing dietary CP often gives a curvilinear response with respect to milk production (e.g. Ipharraguerre and Clark, 2005) and a linear decrease in N efficiency (e.g. Olmos Colmenero and Broderick, 2006;Huhtanen and Hristov, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of increasing amounts of hempseed cake in the diet of dairy cows on the production and composition of milk

Karlsson

Finell

Martinsson

2010

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study explored the potential for using seed cake from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a protein feed for dairy cows. The aim was to evaluate the effects of increasing the proportion of hempseed cake (HC) in the diet on milk production and milk composition. Forty Swedish Red dairy cows were involved in a 5-week dose-response feeding trial. The cows were allocated randomly to one of four experimental diets containing on average 494 g/kg of grass silage and 506 g/kg of concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. Diets containing 0 g (HC0), 143 g (HC14), 233 g (HC23) or 318 g (HC32) HC/kg DM were achieved by replacing an increasing proportion of compound pellets with cold-pressed HC. Increasing the proportion of HC resulted in dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations ranging from 126 for HC0 to 195 g CP/kg DM for HC32. Further effects on the composition of the diet with increasing proportions of HC were higher fat and NDF and lower starch concentrations. There were no linear or quadratic effects on DM intake, but increasing the proportion of HC in the diet resulted in linear increases in fat and NDF intake, as well as CP intake (P , 0.001), and a linear decrease in starch intake (P , 0.001). The proportion of HC had significant quadratic effects on the yields of milk, energy-corrected milk (ECM) and milk protein, fat and lactose. The curvilinear response of all yield parameters indicated maximum production from cows fed diet HC14. Increasing the proportion of HC resulted in linear decreases in both milk protein and milk fat concentration (P 5 0.005 and P 5 0.017, respectively), a linear increase in milk urea (P , 0.001), and a linear decrease in CP efficiency (milk protein/CP intake; P , 0.001). In conclusion, the HC14 diet, corresponding to a dietary CP concentration of 157 g/kg DM, resulted in the maximum yields of milk and ECM by dairy cows in this study.

show abstract

Impacts of the Source and Amount of Crude Protein on the Intestinal Supply of Nitrogen Fractions and Performance of Dairy Cows

Cited by 91 publications

References 174 publications

Diet crude protein content and sources for lactating dairy cattle

Diet crude protein content and sources for lactating dairy cattle

Performance and metabolite profile of dairy cows fed tropical grasses and concentrates containing crude protein with low or high degradability

Effects of increasing amounts of hempseed cake in the diet of dairy cows on the production and composition of milk

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About