Protein and amino acid quality of meat and bone meal

Abstract

The in vivo protein quality of 14 meat and bone meals (MBM) was evaluated in three chick growth assays and a 48-h excreta collection assay using conventional and cecectomized roosters. In addition, in vitro evaluation of protein quality was assessed using pepsin N digestibility (0.2, 0.002, or 0.0002% pepsin), KOH protein solubility, and multi-enzyme pH change. Crude protein, lysine, and SAA in the MBM varied from 48 to 56, 2.32 to 3.01, and 1.0 to 2.13%, respectively. Protein efficiency ratio (weight gain:protein intake) estimated from feeding chicks diets containing 9% protein from a MBM ranged from 0.61 to 2.89 and averaged 1.78. Lysine bioavailability determined by slope-ratio chick assay ranged from 43 to 89%. True amino acid digestibility and TMEn values determined in cecectomized roosters were generally lower (P < 0.05) than those determined in conventional roosters. True digestibility of amino acids (percentage) also varied among MBM, with the mean (and range) for lysine, methionine, and cystine in cecectomized birds being 81 (73 to 88), 85 (77 to 91), and 58% (37 to 72%), respectively. Pepsin N digestibility values determined using 0.002 or 0.0002% pepsin were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with lysine digestibility. Pepsin N digestibility determined using 0.2% pepsin, KOH protein solubility, and multi-enzyme pH change were not significantly correlated with in vivo protein quality. Ash content was negatively correlated (-0.80, P < 0.05) with protein efficiency ratio. These results indicated that there is substantial variation in protein quality among commercial MBM and that pepsin N digestibility and ash content are correlated with some in vivo protein quality measurements.

The effect of dietary inclusion of meat and bone meal on the performance of laying hens at old age

“…This might have been caused by the fact that the calcium and phosphorus in MBM are in the organic forms which were utilised more efficiently during shell calcification in the hen than the inorganic forms. A contributing factor might be that the MBM in the present study contained a much higher content of calcium and phosphorus than MBM samples analysed in industrial surveys (Sell, 1996;Johnson & Parsons, 1997;Parsons et al, 1997;Wang & Parsons, 1998a,b).…”

“…However, the protein content, amino acid composition and digestibility of MBM can vary greatly depending on the processing system and raw material source (Wang & Persons, 1998b;Shirley & Persons, 2000). The average calcium, phosphorus, crude protein and metabolic energy values derived from a large number of MBM samples were not less than 39, 60, 500 g/kg and 10.2 MJ/kg, respectively (Chandler, 1994;Parsons et al, 1997;Wang & Persons, 1998a). Also, relative dietary availability of phosphorus from MBM was equal (Sell & Jeffrey, 1996) or slightly lower (Van der Klis & Versteegh, 1996) than that of phosphorus in dicalcium phosphate (DCP).…”

Growth responses, excreta quality, nutrient digestibility, bone development and meat yield traits of broiler chickens fed vegetable or animal protein diets

“…Animal by-products (meat meal, meat and bone meal, fish meal) are the most commonly used animal proteins in poultry diets and are considered excellent protein sources for chickens (Parsons et al, 1997;Giang et al, 2001). Despite being satisfactory sources of quality proteins, there are many constraints to the extensive use of animal by-products in diet formulation for poultry, the key one being the risk of zoonotic diseases.…”

In vitro solubility of meat and bone meal protein with different pepsin concentrations

“…However, factors like protein source (CAVE, 1988), enzymatic concentration (JOHNSTON & COON, 1979;PARSONS et al, 1997), enzyme used and pH (CONE, 1993) and processing (ZOMBADE & SATHE, 1977) have been related with the significance of the correlation between in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro digestibility technique of products from animal origin was developed between 1950 and 1975 and the final form of the method described by AOAC (1995).…”