Propolis extract and bovine bone graft combination in the expression of VEGF and FGF2 on the preservation of post extraction socket

Abstract

Aim: To determine the potential of propolis extract and BBG combination on the quantity of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and osteoblasts in the preservation of tooth extraction socket on days 3 and 7. Settings and Design: Laboratory in vivo reseach using animal model. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Cavia cobaya were divided into eight groups containing seven animals in each group. The extraction socket on the lower left incisor was filled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) at a concentration of 2% (Groups I and II) as a control; active materials consisted of propolis extract and PEG (Groups III and IV); active materials consisted of BBG and PEG (Groups V and VI); and active materials consisted of propolis extract, BBG, and PEG (Groups VII and VIII). Then, an examination was done using immunohistochemistry to perform an expression of VEGF, FGF2, as well as histology of osteoblasts. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis performed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Results: Propolis extract, BBG and PEG had the most significant result related to the formation of FGF2, VEGF, and osteoblasts. Conclusion: The combination of propolis extract with BBG and PEG in socket preservation is effective in increasing the expression of FGF2, VEGF, and osteoblasts.

Application of Propolis in Protecting Skeletal and Periodontal Health—A Systematic Review

“…In two studies by Kresnoadi et al, male guinea pigs with OTM treated with propolis (2% propolis in polyethylene glycol; 0.1 mL propolis extract) for 3 and 7 days showed increased bone formation at the alveolar bone, as evidenced by increased osteoblast number and protein expression of osteocalcin. Propolis also reduced bone resorption at the alveolar bone, as evidenced by decreased osteoclast number [50,51]. In another study by Wiwekowati et al [52], propolis treatment (5% propolis gel for 17 days) showed increased osteoblast number in the alveolar bone of rats with OTM.…”

“…The bone healing properties of propolis were explored using critical non-union bone defects in Wistar rats (dose of propolis: 0.1 mL of 250 mg/mL propolis percutaneously with chitosan or bone graft) [44], femur fracture in Sprague Dawley rats (implanted with 60% propolis loaded implants and treated with 200 mg/kg of propolis) [45], distraction osteogenesis in New Zealand white rabbits (dose of propolis: 100 and 200 mg/kg) [46]. For the periodontal models, periodontitis-induced bone loss in Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice (dose of propolis: 100-200 mg/kg) [47][48][49], orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in Wistar rats and guinea pigs (dose of propolis: 2-5% and 100 µL of propolis) [50][51][52]; delayed tooth replantation in Wistar rats (dose of propolis: 200 mL of 15% propolis solution) [53], rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in Wistar rats (dose of propolis: 100 mg/kg or propolis) [54]; grade II furcation-induced bone loss in mongrel dogs (dose of propolis: 400 mg in graft) [55] were studied. In animal studies, densitometry method was used to measure bone mass, micro-computed tomography and bone histomorphometry were used to determine bone microstructure, and circulating bone markers were used to estimate the bone remodelling.…”

“…Overall, 2 studies showed that propolis suppressed osteoclastogenesis [39,40], while 2 studies showed that propolis promoted osteoblastogenesis [41,42]. In the animal experiments, propolis inhibited bone loss due to periodontitis in 2 studies [48,49], bone loss due to periodontitis/STZ-induced diabetes in 1 study [56], bone loss due to OTM in 3 studies [50][51][52] and bone loss due to dental implantitis in 1 study [41]. Propolis prevented systemic bone loss due to STZ-induced diabetes in 1 study [43].…”

Ethanol extract of propolis-bovine bone graft combination as a prospective candidate for socket preservation: Enhancing BMP7 and decreasing NFATc1

“…56 male Cavia cobaya represented the subjects of this study being the number featured in Lemeshow’s formula according to a similar previous study conducted by Kresnoadi et al (2020) ( Kresnoadi et al, 2020a ). The subjects had to satisfy certain criteria, namely; healthy, 3–3.5 months old, 300–350 g in weight, lesion-free and with full command of the five senses.…”

New insight into the role of a combination of zinc oxide and turmeric rhizome liquid extract in osteogenic marker expression

“…This combination of material was needed in terms of socket preservation to maintain jaw bone volume after tooth extraction procedure. [ 14 ] At present, the potential for osteogenic formation resulting from a combination of ZOT rhizomes liquid extract remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of osteogenic in a combination of ZOT rhizome liquid extract in postextraction tooth sockets.…”