Properties of Reactive Materials for Application in Runoff Water Treatment Systems

Abstract

The emissions related to urbanized areas, including communication routes and accompanying facilities, are considered as essential sources of subsoil pollution. Enhancement of the naturally occurring removal processes in infiltration systems, e.g. through placing the appropriately selected materials (treatment zones) on the flow path of runoff water, prevents the spread of undesirable components. The article presents the analysis of tests checking the properties of selected low-cost mineral materials, activated carbon and zero-valent iron in terms of their applicability in the runoff water treatment zones. Their physical features, surface structure, and chemical and hydraulic properties were analysed. The test results indicate a well-developed surface area of active carbon and halloysite, as well as an extensive pore volume of active carbon, halloysite, zeolite and diatomite. Nevertheless, the average pore diameters indicated the potential limited access of pollutants to the inner structure of all analyzed materials. The chemical parameters point to the stimulation potential of precipitation processes by limestone sand and silica spongolite, ion exchange by zeolite and silica spongolite, and oxidation-reduction processes by zero-valent iron. The value of the material hydraulic conductivity may potentially limit their application in infiltration systems. Taking into account all analyzed parameters, activated carbon together with silica spongolite and zeolite have the best application potential.

The Suitability of Hybrid Fe0/Aggregate Filtration Systems for Water Treatment

“…Accumulates contaminants Also used as support for nano-Fe 0 [102] Table 2 lists 12 different materials that demonstrated in individual studies a significant impact on the efficiency of hybrid systems relative to pure Fe 0 . Discrepancies between studies are obvious because the employed Fe 0 materials were not characterized, although testing methods were made available for decades [103][104][105][106].…”

The Characterization of Ukrainian Volcanic Tuffs from the Khmelnytsky Region with the Theoretical Analysis of Their Application in Construction and Environmental Technologies

“…Bentonite clay consists of smectite, which is a commonly used material in geosynthetic clay liner [24], a passive technique of prevention the environment from pollution. Another solutions is the filled permeable reactive barrier, e.g., zeolite, which is proposed for protecting the environment against leachate from old landfills or runoff water from urbanized areas [25,26].…”

Application of Hydrocyclones to Improve Membrane Technologies for Urban Wastewater Treatment

“…The advantage and effectiveness of the hydrocyclone methods of water purification from mechanical impurities have also been proven in the study in the circulating water supply system and in other areas of their application [Valeev, 2014;Zhurinov et al, 2019;Botantaeva, 2014]. There is some experience in the use of hydrodynamic cavitation to improve the biodegradability index of municipal wastewater that has undergone preliminary mechanical treatment and the use of activated carbon and zero-valent iron [Lebiocka, 2020;Fronczyk, 2020].…”