The Characterization of Ukrainian Volcanic Tuffs from the Khmelnytsky Region with the Theoretical Analysis of Their Application in Construction and Environmental Technologies

Abstract

(1) The mineral deposits are the base resources of materials used in building and environmental engineering applications, especially available locally. Two wells of volcanic tuff deposits in the Khmelnytsky region of Ukraine were investigated in this regard. (2) Physical-mechanical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses of the core samples were carried out. (3) The tuff samples were characterized by visible colour, low compressive strength (4.34–11.13 MPa), and high water absorption (30%). The dominant minerals of the upper horizon were chlorite, pyroxene, kaolinite, quartz, hematite, and calcite, while those of the lower horizon included analcime, quartz, hematite, and calcite. (4) The studied volcanic tuffs seem to be only partly useful for construction applications, and considering their visible colour, the exterior decoration of engineering objects could be possible. The peculiarity of the minerals of the upper horizon is that their crystals consist of Fe2+. An analysis of existing scientific data made it possible to say that these minerals can be considered as an alternative to expensive metallic iron in reducing the toxicity of chromium, uranium, and halogenated organic compounds. The significant presence of hematite allows the application of tuffs to technologies of water purification from As5+, As3+, Cr6+, Cr3+, U6+, Sb5+, and Se4+ oxyanions.

Influence of Technological Factors on the Formation and Transformation of Iron-Containing Phases in the Process of Ferritization of Exhausted Etching Solutions

“…Iron-rich natural materials such as volcanic tuff, some kaolins, zeolites, and others that contain hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) have shown a higher adsorption capacity for heavy metals compared to those materials that do not contain them or contain them in very low concentrations. So, for example, the sorption capacity of Mn 2+ by iron-containing tuff is more than 8.5 mg/g, and by basalt, it is 4.3 mg/g [12,13]. In addition, in the research study that compared the Ni 2+ sorption capacity of different kaolins, it was found that with hematite content in kaolin over 3.5%, the sorption capacity was approximately 2.5 times higher [14].…”

“…The diffractograms were interpreted using the ICCD PDF2+-2003 database (The International Centre for Diffraction Data) and the Match! V.1.9a software (Crystal Impact, Materials Park, OH, USA) [13,41].…”

“…The diffractograms were interpreted using the ICCD PDF2+-2003 database (The International Centre for Diffraction Data) and the Match! V.1.9a software (Crystal Impact, Materials Park, OH, USA) [13,41]. The residual total concentration of iron ions in the solution after removal of the precipitate was determined using a DR3900 spectrophotometer (Hach, Loveland, CO, USA) with the use of Hach test kit No.…”

“…The short adsorption time of ~4-6 min to establish the adsorption equilibrium supported the use of ultrasound as an effective means to accelerate the adsorption of the corresponding dyes [18,40]. Thus, analyzing the already existing positive experience of using iron-containing sorbents, it is possible to assume and affirm the following: the use of dispersed iron-containing particles as a sorbent can reduce the size of the adsorber itself, in which the water treatment process takes place [13]. This is mainly due to the short time required to reach adsorption equilibrium and the high values of the maximum sorption capacity [12].…”

Interaction of Cultural Components in the Musical Art of China in the Context of Globalisation Influences

“…Запитання, які стосуються розгляду специфіки глобалізації у контексті музики та культури, находять відображення в наукових працях сучасності, f а саме поглиблене вивчення цих питань здійснено у роботах Л. Тан [11] і Т. Каблової [3]. Особливе вивчення форм культурної взаємодії та питання ідентичності можна знайти в роботі Ю. Трач [7]. Аналіз феномену діалогу в музичній комунікації, включений у контекст філософсько-культурологічної парадигми, представлений у дослідженні А. Тормахової [6].…”