Programa de actividad física y su incidencia en la depresión y bienestar subjetivo de adultos mayores (Impact of a physical activity program on older adults’ depression and subjective well-being)

Abstract

El artículo se enfoca en el análisis de un programa de actividades físicas y su efecto en la mejora de los niveles de depresión y bienestar subjetivo de adultos mayores. Se utiliza un diseño experimental con pre y pos tratamiento en una muestra de 111 adultos mayores seleccionado mediante criterios de inclusión, a la que se le aplicó un procedimiento de proporción de uno a tres para crear el grupo experimental y de control (n=74 grupo experimental y n=37 el grupo de control). La depresión fue medida aplicando la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage y el bienestar subjetivo a partir de la Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. Para el análisis del pre con el post tratamiento se utilizó un modelo de análisis de varianza (ANOVA) con medidas repetidas (MR). Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas en la Depresión Geriátrica (p=.000) y del Bienestar subjetivo en cada dimensión estudiada: afectos positivos (p=.000), afectos negativos (p=.000) y agitación (p=.000), lo que se concluye que las dos variables dependientes mejoraron de manera significativa al aplicar la propuesta.Abstract: This article focuses on the analysis of a program of physical activities and its effect on reducing depression levels and on increasing subjective well-being of older adults. An experimental design with pre- and post-treatment was applied to a sample of 111 older adults selected in accordance with inclusion criteria, using a one-to-three ratio procedure to create experimental and control groups (Experimental group, n = 74; control group, n = 37). Depression was measured by means of the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, whereas subjective well-being with the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. For the pre-post analysis, a variance analysis model (ANOVA) with repeated measures (MR) was used. Results revealed significant differences in Geriatric Depression (p = .001) and subjective well-being in each dimension studied: positive affects (p = .001), negative affects (p = .001) and agitation (p = .001), We can conclude that the two dependent variables improved significantly after applying the program proposed.

Disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in college women: association with physical activity, inter-nalization of appearance ideals, and self-objectification

“…Thus, although exercise may be used excessively and compulsively by women with eating disorders, the practice with adequate supervision can improve aspects related to the disorder. Therefore, it is interesting that college students are guided on the importance of physical exercise, not only for the health benefits, like reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity (Chávez Valenzuela et al, 2018), improvement of physical fitness (Bahamonde et al, 2019), improvement in levels of depression and subjective well-being (Guillen Pereira et al, 2018), improved self-esteem (García González & Froment, 2018), but also for the positive impact that it can bring on disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. The last variable included in the model, as a predictor of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, was the general attractiveness ideal internalization, corroborating results of previous studies (Izydorczyk & Sitnik-Warchulska, 2018;Hosseini, et al, 2016;Vartanian & Hopkinson, 2010;Argyrides, 2013).…”

Perceived Health, Depression and Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults: Physical Activity and Osteoarticular Disease

“…We consider that the identification of osteoarticular disease predictors, such as poor physical performance, is essential for the early identification of people at risk, as Veronese et al [7] confirmed during a four-year study of an elderly group. Scientific literature has shown sufficient evidence to support the use of exercise in preventive treatment of depression, anxiety, and stress [7,18,[24][25][26]50,51]. A recent study carried out during COVID-19 confinement has underscored the relationship between a reduction in physical activity levels and social distancing, worsening the mental health of the elderly and especially those who are less functional [52].…”

“…It has been effective in reducing depressive symptoms and even as an alternative to medication [23]. Salguero et al [18] suggested that physical activity can be effective in alleviating depressive symptoms, and recent research has demonstrated the beneficial effects of programmed physical exercise in reducing depression [24][25][26].…”

Efecto del ejercicio físico sobre los síntomas depresivos en pacientes hospitalizados con depresión (Effect of physical exercise on depressive symptoms in hospitalized patients with depression)

“…Los beneficios del ejercicio en diferentes ámbitos del bienestar psicológico son reconocidos como un aporte relevante para la calidad de vida (Astorga, González, Martínez, Rojas & Borges, 2021) y la salud mental de cada individuo, promoviendo el bienestar emocional y contribuyendo a disminuir síntomas relacionados al trastorno depresivo (Murri et al, 2018). Asimismo, el ejercicio promueve efectos positivos en población adulta y adulta mayor sobre los síntomas depresivos, la autoestima, la ansiedad y la calidad de vida, el cual permite usar recursos para enfrentar los factores estresantes, disminuyendo estos a un nivel significativo (Araque-Martínez, Ruiz-Montero & Artés-Rodríguez, 2021;Guillén, Bueno, Gutiérrez & Guerra, 2018;Kekäläinen, Kokko, Sipilä, & Walker, 2018). Por otra parte, las actividades lúdicas (juegos tradicionales) actúan como un factor que canaliza la ansiedad y la tensión tanto en adolescentes como en adultos (Nisha & Umarani, 2013).…”