Profiling and distribution of minerals content in cow, buffalo and goat milk

Abstract

Nine minerals (calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn)) have been estimated in milk of three different species namely, cow (Sahiwal and Tharparkar), buffalo (Murrah) and goat (Alpine x Beetle) of India. Among the species studied, buffalo milk had the highest Ca, P and Mg contents. Na content was found lowest in buffalo milk and K was found significantly higher in goat milk. K was the major mineral in cow and goat milk while Ca was major mineral in buffalo milk. Mineral distribution data indicated that colloidal minerals were highest in buffalo milk followed by goat and cow milk. Ca to P ratio was found maximum in buffalo milk (1.74) and was almost similar in milk (1.45-1.49) of other species studied. Our study indicated that 500 g of milk can meet more than 60% recommended daily allowances of Ca and P as recommended by Institute of Medicine,

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Milk Produced by Black-and-White Holstein Cows from Moscow

“…Milk in groups 3 and 2 had a significant excess of iron and copper by 1.5-2.0 times (at p≤0.001), comparing to group 1. Similar results were obtained by Singh et al, 5 Generally, a significant excess of cadmium, lead, and high cobalt concentrations were found in milk of the purebred cows from group 1. On the contrary, less toxic iron and zinc prevailed in milk of groups 2 and 3.…”

“…Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was carried out on the same samples in order to determine the content of heavy metals in the Laboratory of Toxicology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 3,5 The TLV of heavy metals for milk and dairy products was evaluated in accordance with "The maximum acceptable limit of heavy metals and arsenic in raw materials and food products (approved by the Chief State sanitary doctor of the USSR March 31, 1986 N 4089-86) ", 21 as well as Singh articles. 3,5 To determine the concentration level of heavy metals, the following documents were used with the methods: for cobalt determine -GOST 30178-96, copper, zinc, lead and cadmium -GOST 30178-96, manganese -GOST 27997-88, iron -GOST 27997-88.…”

“…3,4 The daily consumption of milk (1 L) satisfies a person's daily energy requirements per one-quarter, completely -in fats and phosphorus, 20% -in iron, two-thirdsin proteins, above normal (150%) -in calcium. 5,6 Moreover, human's needs for vitamins are also met -one third for vitamins A and C, and 5% for vitamin D. 7 Humans require about 300-400 kg of milk and dairy products, annually. 8 Therefore, dairy products must comply with quality standards for proper nutrition.…”

Produção e caracterização de produtos lácteos em pó de búfala com e sem hidrólise da lactose

“…O teor de cálcio encontrado no leite de búfala é cerca de 1,5 vezes maior que o teor no leite bovino e tem maior concentração na fase coloidal, estando associado a micela de caseína, o teor de magnésio é 2 vezes maior que no leite de vaca e também se encontra em maior concentração na fase coloidal. A concentração de fósforo é maior no leite de búfala, onde 67% está na fase coloidal do leite, porém os elementos sódio (98%) e potássio (93%) estão presentes em maior concentração na fase solúvel, por fim os outros elementos citados na Tabela 2 (ferro, manganês e zinco) estão associados também a fase coloidal (SINGH et al, 2019).…”

“…A lactose é o principal carboidrato encontrado no leite e em seus derivados, é formado pela junção de dois monossacarídeos (galactose e glicose) formando assim um dissacarídeo (NEVES; OLIVEIRA, 2020). O leite de búfala apresenta 4,74% de lactose na sua constituição, valores próximos a concentração encontrada em leite de outras espécies de mamíferos (DAMODARAN; PARKIN, 2017;SINGH et al, 2019).…”