Assessment of Heavy Metals in Milk Produced by Black-and-White Holstein Cows from Moscow

Abstract

Milk must comply with quality standards for proper human nutrition. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative microbiological and elemental analysis of milk quality from Black-and-White Holstein cows. The studies were conducted on the basis of livestock farming in January-October 2019, Moscow region, Russian Federation. The experiment included 60 cows, divided into 3 groups of 20 animals of full age. All cows were kept under identical conditions. The first group consisted of purebred Black-and-White cows; the second group included Holstein half breeds; and the third group included the third generation of Holstein crossbreeds. 500 samples of milk were taken from animals of each group. The second group exceeded in content of zinc by 0.5 times (p≤0.05). The third group was recorded with lower manganese by 2 times (p≤0.001) while the first group by 0.5 times (p≤0.05) compering to the second group. Milk in groups 3 and 2 had a significant excess of iron and copper concentrations by 1.5-2.0 times (at p≤0.001), comparing to group 1. The milk in group 1 (purebred Black-and-White cows) exceeded TLV (threshold limit value) for lead (by 2.2 times) and cobalt (by 2.5 times). The milk in this group also had a higher cadmium content compering to the other two groups (by 1.3–2.7 times). Holstein crossbreeding helps to increase the concentration of cobalt, zinc and manganese. Lead and cadmium accumulate in the milk of purebred Black-and-White cows.

Efficiency of high-carbohydrate fodder in the diets of Holstein cows

“…The milk yield coefficient analysis revealed high milk productivity in all the studied groups, indicating the cows' pronounced dairy type. A similar pattern was established by Safonov [11] and Mironova et al [12].…”

“…The diet formulation requires a thorough selection of fodders to transform the necessary amount of nutrients and energy into the animal's body [8][9][10]. During lactation, dairy cattle must consume enough energy and nutrients, since the body's glucose requirements during this period are 3 times higher than average due to milk production [11,12]. Farmers often address this problem by increasing the proportion of concentrates, oilseed residues, cakes, and grain fodder; however, these feeds also increase the blood's protein content, resulting in health problems, such as ketosis, acidosis, and reproductive disorders [13].…”

Treatment and Rehabilitation of Children with Perinatal Injury of Central Nervous System using Non-Drug Methods

“…Besides, more than 75% of survived children suffer from neurological disorders, such as seizures, motor discoordination, and developmental delay, which, often, appear in the first days of life (Millar et al, 2017;Concepcion & Zhang, 2018). The CNS of a newborn is very sensitive to hypoxia, while mild hypoxic injuries that occur in the perinatal period may remain unrecognized even until adolescence (Murden et al, 2019;Safonov, 2020).…”

Ethical Issues of Decision Making and Communication in Health Care: An Intercultural and Interfaith Perspective

“…As a consequence of globalization, many newly created religions have appeared. Thus, among the population of any country, there are representatives of various faiths (Piacentini et al, 2019;Safonov, 2020). Each religion has its own beliefs.…”