Production of Bioactive Various Lattices as an Artificial Bone Tissue by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing

Abstract

This study aims to find which lattice type and which ingredient is the best for the bone lattice for future grafting operations. Four types of lattice parts with micro and high porosity were designed to resemble the human bone structure and reach its light-weight and high surface area properties. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were used in the photopolymer resin mixture for (Digital Light Processing) DLP 3D printing to give high bioactivity capability to the parts. In conclusion, microporosity HA-and TCPdoped parts were printed successfully with the DLP technique. Bioactivity tests were carried out with parts that were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF). There is no significant weight difference in lattice parts in the time. Four weeks are sufficient time for the test. End of 2 weeks, calcium phosphate particles with around a diameter of 50-75 lm, and end of 4 weeks, calcium phosphate particles with around a diameter of 80-225 lm were observed. Apatite precipitation areas were grown on the surface in time. SEM and XRD results indicate that HA-doped and TCP-doped specimens are bioactive. A more mass increase was observed in the HA-doped specimen compared to the TCP-doped specimen.

Compressive Strength of DLP 3d Printed Various Micro Lattices for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…The bioactivity test was carried out in another study to measure the success of the specimens produced with different lattice in activities such as adhesion, growth and heal in bone tissue. According to the results of this study, it has been shown that the specimens show bioactive reactions and can be used in bone tissue applications [19].…”

Additive Manufacturing of Bioceramic Implants for Restoration Bone Engineering: Technologies, Advances, and Future Perspectives

“…Analysis showed that the pore diameter decreased radially from the outside to the inside, and this structure with a large pore area and small pore diameter was conducive to cell adhesion and migration, and the structure of the central pore was similar to the bone marrow cavity structure of natural bone, which overly promoted the nutrient supply of cells and promotes the adhesion of cells in all directions. Dokuz et al 40 designed four structures (gyroid, simple cubic, body-centered cubic, facecentered cubic) with microporosity and high porosity, respectively, similar to human bone structures. The design and after production of lattices are shown in Figure 10c.…”

“…Copyright 2021 Springer Nature. c) Design and after production of lattices . Reproduced with permission from ref .…”

“…c) Design and after production of lattices . Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 Springer Nature.…”

Review on vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing of bioactive ceramic bone scaffolds

“…Among them, b-TCP has the highest stability, and its elasticity modulus is close to that of human body. Compared with HA, the biodegradability and bioactivity of b-TCP are much better, 131 but it still faces some problems such as low mechanical strength and brittleness. 132 Aiming to address the problem that how to prepare a low viscosity b-TCP ceramic slurry and remove the toxicity of residual non-polymerized slurry, Sa Li et al 133 developed a low viscosity ceramic slurry system by mixing b-TCP with photosensitive acrylate resin, and found the viscosity of slurry is about 3 Pa s and the solid content of b-TCP can be as high as 60 wt%.…”