Production, characterization and biological features of bacterial cellulose from scum obtained during preparation of sugarcane jaggery (gur)

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been given an ample attention due to its high potential for many industrial applications. However, the high cost of production medium has hindered the commercialization of BC. Several efforts have been made to explore cheep, raw and waste sources for BC production. The current study aims at investigating the BC production from a waste source; the scum obtained during preparation of sugarcane jaggery or gur (JS). JS was five-fold diluted with distilled water and used as culturing medium without any additional nutrients. The production of BC was monitored till 10th days of cultivation both at static and shaking culturing conditions. A maximum of 2.51 g/L and 2.13 g/L BC was produced in shaking and static cultures, respectively, after 10 days. The structure features of BC were confirmed through FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. The chemical structure and physical appearance strongly resembled the BC produced form synthetic media. It was noteworthy that the BC produced from JS showed higher mechanical and thermal properties. The cell adhesion and proliferation capabilities of produced BC were observed that depicted definite animal cell adhesion without any considerable cytotoxicity. Besides providing an economically feasible way for BC production, the high level of physico-mechanical and biological properties insured the importance in medical fields.

Bacterial Cellulose Production from agricultural Residues by two Komagataeibacter sp. Strains

“…In static condition, as BC mass increases in the medium, oxygen circulation reduces, with cells having little or no access to oxygen. Oxygen has been reported to be a limiting factor in bacterial cellulose production [ 44 ], thus allowing access to oxygen via agitation increases even access to nutrients and thereby increases metabolic activity [ 45 ]. Aydin and Aksoy [ 46 ] reported 120 rpm as the best agitation condition for cell growth and BC production by Gluconacetobacter hansenii P2A, while 37 ,reported agitation at 200 rpm for BC production by Gluconacetobacter hansenii NCIM 2529.…”

“…The morphology of BC determined using SEM considers the fibril density, size, and arrangement, which can be dependent on the media composition, viscosity, and activity of the BC producing bacteria [ 45 , 57 ].…”

“…CCUG73629 under static condition ( Figure 4a ) in the same medium. The porous nature within the fibril arrangement gives BC high porosity and water accumulating properties, which are responsible for water retention, an important property for application in biomedicine [ 45 ].…”

“…BC-producing medium can form a more effective chemical interactions (like hydrogen bonds) with hydroxyls group of bacterial cellulose and hence increase its thermal stability [ 41 ]. Thermal degradation of cellulose skeleton starts around 220°C and overall degradation is completed above 300°C; thus, the variations in the degradation temperature may be due to the variations in fibril size, arrangement, and compactness, with higher thermal degradation indicating higher crystallinity [ 45 ]. Maximum degradation temperature is a criterion for thermal stability.…”

“…The mechanical properties depicts high strength of BC samples, as the fibril size and arrangement also influences these properties. Uniform size of well-arranged fibrils provides higher strength to BC [ 45 ]. The modulus of elasticity of a polymer relates directly to the stiffness of the material, i.e., the higher the modulus of elasticity, the stiffer the material [ 61 ].…”