Processos de formação lexical das línguas românicas e germânicas: uma nova perspectiva teórica

Abstract

Resumo: Este artigo discute a dinâmica de formação das unidades que compõem o léxico, notadamente das línguas europeias ocidentais (românicas e germânicas), a partir da identificação dos diversos processos lexicogênicos existentes. Para tanto, reconhecem-se dois tipos básicos de processos: os autogenéticos (herança ou criação interna) e os alogenéticos (empréstimos), cujos subtipos são aqui descritos. Com base na etimologia dos elementos temáticos (radicais e afixos), os itens lexicais de línguas europeias costumam também ser divididos em cultos, semicultos e vulgares. Essa classificação decorre do reconhecimento da profunda influência cultural e, consequentemente, linguística que os idiomas literários da Antiguidade Ocidental (grego e latim clássicos) exerceram sobre as modernas línguas de cultura da Europa, dentre as quais o português. Esta pesquisa procura identificar, por meio de análise empírica sobre um corpus formado de textos de vários gêneros, os processos lexicogênicos presentes nas principais línguas românicas e germânicas, tanto aqueles já descritos anteriormente na literatura especializada quanto alguns novos, que os estudos anteriores ignoravam ou classificavam erroneamente em outras categorias. Palavras-chave: léxico; etimologia; neologia; línguas românicas; línguas germânicas.Abstract: This paper discusses the formative dynamics of the constituent units of the lexicon, notably in the Western European languages (Romance and Germanic), starting from the identification of the various existing lexicogenical processes. To do so, two basic types of processes are recognized: autogenetic (inheritance and internal creation) and allogenetic (loans), whose subtypes are described herein. Based on the etymology of their thematic elements (radicals and affixes), lexical items of European languages also tend to be divided into cultivated, semicultivated, and vulgar. This classification stems from the recognition of the profound cultural and, consequently, linguistic influence that the ancient Western literary languages (classical Greek and Latin) brought about the modern languages of culture in Europe, including Portuguese. This research seeks to identify, through empirical analysis on a corpus composed of texts of various genres, the lexicogenical processes present in the main Romance and Germanic languages, both those previously described in the specialized literature and some new ones, which previous studies used to ignore or erroneously classify into other categories.

Vowel insertion after coda plosives in the dialect of Paraíba (PB): reflections on the establishment of syllabic and social boundaries

“…The 75 crucial words containing syllables closed by plosives include both lexical items which are etymologically categorized as "erudite" -because they entered the Portuguese lexicon from written language as late loans from classical Latin (CAMARA JR., 1970JR., /2013BIZZOCCHI, 2013) -and loan words. These 75 target words embedded in and -final positions (in 31 words), are divided into 45 native words (in italics) and 30 loan words commonly used in BP.…”

Proposta De Novos Conceitos E Uma Nova Notação Na Formulação De Proposições E Discussões Etimológicas

“…Many of the concepts presented here are currently used in etymology; others had already been previously proposed (BIZZOCCHI, 1998(BIZZOCCHI, , 2013VIARO, 2011), while some others are being shown for the first time. At the time, these studies allied etymological research with quantitative lexicometry techniques (computerized statistical lexicon analysis), and consisted of a stage of literature review and reworking of the available theories and etymological knowledge and a stage of application of the new theoretical model thus developed to a corpus of academic and journalistic texts in six European languages, namely Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, English, and German.…”

“…Therefore, the following terminology for the meanings will be part of the "Etymological Discussion" of the Etymology field (BIZZOCCHI, 1998(BIZZOCCHI, , 2009(BIZZOCCHI, , 2013 The learned and half-learned words fall within the allogenetic category, as they result from elements borrowed from Greek and Latin. In the aforementioned example, estrela 1 is an autogenetic word, while estrela 2 is allogenetic.…”