Preventive Effects of Vanillic Acid on Lipids, Bax, Bcl-2 and Myocardial Infarct Size on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarcted Rats: A Biochemical and In Vitro Study

Abstract

We made an attempt to evaluate the preventive effects of vanillic acid on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats. Rats were pretreated with vanillic acid (5 and 10 mg/kg) daily for 10 days. After pretreatment, rats were injected with isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) at an interval of 24 h for 2 days to induce myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol induction increased the activity of serum creatine kinase-MB and increased the levels of serum and heart cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids in rats. It increased the levels of serum low density and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Also, the activity of 3-hydroxy-3methyl glutaryl-coenzyme-A-reductase in the plasma and liver was increased, and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity in the plasma and liver was decreased in isoproterenol-induced rats. Furthermore, isoproterenol-induced rats showed a decrease in myocardial expression of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2(bcl-2) gene and an increase in myocardial expression of bcl-2 associated-x (bax)-gene. Vanillic acid pretreated isoproterenol-induced rats positively altered all the above-mentioned biochemical parameters. Vanillic acid pretreatment also reduced myocardial infarct size in myocardial infarcted rats. In vitro study confirmed the potent free radical scavenging effect of vanillic acid. The observed effects are due to free radical scavenging effects of vanillic acid. This study may have a significant impact on myocardial infarcted patients.

Biological activities of lignin hydrolysate-related compounds

“…These also can scavenge free radical species and, therefore, exert an antioxidant effects as hydroxycinnamic acids do. Several studies have demonstrated the antioxidant capacities of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (49,50). Although these two compounds, which were isolated from walnut kernels in their study, showed only relatively low scavenging activities, they are still potential antioxidant components (49).…”

“…Although these two compounds, which were isolated from walnut kernels in their study, showed only relatively low scavenging activities, they are still potential antioxidant components (49). Moreover, it was shown that vanillic acid scavenges the stable radical species, DPPH, in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest scavenging effects seen with 60 μM of vanillic acid (50). Due to the antioxidant activity of vanillic acid, like the hydroxycinnamic acids above it has protective capabilities, such as hepatoprotective effects, against several diseases which are associated with oxidative deterioration (50)(51)(52).…”

“…Moreover, it was shown that vanillic acid scavenges the stable radical species, DPPH, in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest scavenging effects seen with 60 μM of vanillic acid (50). Due to the antioxidant activity of vanillic acid, like the hydroxycinnamic acids above it has protective capabilities, such as hepatoprotective effects, against several diseases which are associated with oxidative deterioration (50)(51)(52). Furthermore, vanillic acid might suppress fibrogenesis and inflammation in chronically injured livers (51,52).…”

“…Furthermore, vanillic acid might suppress fibrogenesis and inflammation in chronically injured livers (51,52). The cardioprotective effect of vanillic acid has also been demonstrated where, due to an increased scavenging of free radicals by vanillic acid during isoproterenol metabolism, there is a decreases in lipid production, lipoproteins are better maintained and apoptosis in the myocardium is prevent (50). Another study determined the beneficial effects of vanillic acid on ulcerative colitis (53).…”

Evaluation of the Safety of Three Phenolic Compounds from <i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel with Antiophidian Potential

“…Moreover, VA can scavenge free radical species, having cardioprotective properties, and it could repress fibrogenesis and inflammation in the chronically injured liver [35]- [37]. VN is used as a flavoring agent in food and cosmetics, having well-studied antimicrobial [38] [39], anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic activities [39]- [41].…”