“…In addition to the three phytochemicals identified by Coelho Kaplan et al (1966), a further 15 phytochemicals were isolated and identified by Puebla et al (2010), therefore, a total of 18 substances are known, namely: four triterpenes, lupeol, lupenone; 28-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-3one and betulin; nine flavonoids, 8-O-methylretusin, 7-hydroxy-5,6,4'-trimethoxysoflavone, afrormosin, 7-hydroxy-8,3',4'-trimethoxyisoflavone, 7,3'-dihydroxy-8,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone, odoratin, 7,8,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy isoflavone, 7,8,3'-trihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone, dipterixin; a chalcone, isoliquiritigenin; an aurone, sulphidethine; and three phenolic compounds, vanillic acid, vanillin and protocatechuic acid. Among these substances from D. alata, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin (Yoshida et al, 2015) and betulin (Yoshida et al, 2016) were assayed to assess mutagenicity using the Ames test. All these phytochemicals have no mutagenicity.…”