Preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 by attenuating inflammation and mitochondrial injury and improving gut environment in obese mice

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide is associated with a parallel increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 on NAFLD, 120 male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups and administrated with BS15 (2 × 10(7) cfu/0.2 mL or 2 × 10(8) cfu/0.2 mL) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) throughout a 17-week experimental period. The mice were fed with normal chow diet (NCD) 5 weeks before the experimental period. Afterward, with the exception of the PBS group, NCD was changed into high-fat diet (HFD) for the remaining experimental period. Results showed that BS15-treated HFD mice were protected from hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte apoptosis. BS15 exhibited a positive effect on liver lipid peroxidation through an anti-oxidative stress activity by enhancing the liver antioxidant defense system. In addition, BS15 inhibited the insulin resistance; decreased the mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; and increased the expression of the fasting-induced adipose factor in livers. Meanwhile, BS15 attenuated mitochondria abnormalities when the content of uncoupling protein-2 decreased and cytochrome c increased in NAFLD mice. BS15 also reduced the level of serum lipopolysaccharide in NAFLD mice by lowering the intestinal permeability and adjusting gut flora, followed by the downregulation of the TNFα mRNA level in liver and the serum level of C-reactive protein. These findings suggest that BS15 may be effective in preventing NAFLD induced by HFD.

Gut commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii plays a predominant role in the anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides isolated from Hirsutella sinensis

“…The presence of a population of neomycin-sensitive gut bacteria and its association with obesity-related traits (figure 4D) suggests a potential beneficial interplay between these bacteria and energy regulation and metabolism. In the present study, H1 treatment did not affect the level of known commensal bacteria that possess anti-obesogenic properties, such as A. muciniphila ,23 56 L. reuteri 57 or L. johnsonii 58 (figure 4C). Further study of the functional gut microbiota and examination of their mechanism of action will be required to identify new strategies to prevent and treat obesity and related metabolic disorders 59…”

Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis B10 on biochemical and molecular parameters in the serum and liver of high-fat diet-induced obese mice

“…Genes of lipid synthesis (PPARγ, DHCR24, PPARβ), lipolysis (HMGCS2, CAT I), and energy metabolism (PPARα) are involved in lipid metabolism. The obese mice induced by the HFD have association with abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver, including altered acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF), and PPARγ gene expression (Kang et al, 2013;Xin et al, 2014). In our study, HFD also induced abnormal lipid metabolism compared with mice fed a normal diet (data not shown), including the up-regulation of lipid synthesis genes and downregulation of lipolysis.…”

“…So we conjecture that the lower body weight gain caused by B10 was due to its modulation of lipid metabolism other than because of different food intake or digestion. In recent years, numerous investigations have shown that probiotics can be considered as biotherapeutics in treating abnormal lipid metabolism Xin et al, 2014). In our study, hepatic TC, TG and serum HDL-C, glucose, activities of GOT and GPT are much less than those of HFD-fed mice (Tables 3 and 4).…”

Prosteatotic and Protective Components in a Unique Model of Fatty Liver: Gut Microbiota and Suppressed Complement System

“…5b,c). As Lactobacillus can protect against NAFLD by attenuating inflammation in mice2425 and was most significantly influenced by overfeeding, we hypothesized that Lactobacillus could regulate the complement system through its metabolite, lactic acid. In line with the increased abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestines of the overfed versus normally fed geese, the plasma level of lactic acid was also significantly increased in the overfed geese at both day 7 and 14 of overfeeding (Fig.…”

“…It is known that Lactobacillus is involved in carbohydrate metabolism44, lipid metabolism19 and the immune system24. Lactobacillus also plays a protective role in the development of fatty liver242545.…”