Gut commensal <i>Parabacteroides goldsteinii</i> plays a predominant role in the anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides isolated from <i>Hirsutella sinensis</i>

Wu, Tsung-Ru; Lin, Chwan-Fwu; Chang, Chi-Jen; Lin, Ting-Yu; Martel, Jan; Ko, Yun‐Fei; Ojcius, David M.; Lu, Cuihua; Young, John Ding‐E; Lai, Hsin‐Chih

doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315458

Cited by 559 publications

(435 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Additionally, Helicobacter and Prevotella are pro‐inflammatory bacteria and the abundance of these OTUs was reduced by TBP treatments but partly reduced by CC treatment. However, all OTUs belonging to the genus Parabacteroides were increased after treatments, which show anti‐inflammatory activity in diet‐induced obesity mice . In addition, SCFAs are important secreted microbial metabolites for osteoporosis alleviation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuna Bone Powder Alleviates Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis via Coregulation of the NF‐κB and Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathways and Modulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolism

Yang

et al. 2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope The effects and mechanism of tuna bone powder (TBP) on glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIOP) alleviation in terms of signaling pathway coregulation and gut microbiota modulation are investigated. Methods and results The powder size distribution and composition of TBP are measured. The GIOP female mice induced by dexamethasone intramuscular injection are used to examine the anti‐osteoporosis effects of TBP in a 10 week experiment, and improved bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture are observed via micro‐CT. In addition, qRT‐PCR results show that the NF‐κB pathway is inhibited to reduce bone resorption, whereas the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is activated to enhance bone formation after treatment. Moreover, TBP treatments suppress the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, repair dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and prevent aggravated systemic inflammation in mRNA levels. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicate that TBP treatments enhance the abundance of anti‐inflammatory bacteria and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers, which is consistent with increased SCFA contents in feces measured via GC–MS. Conclusion These data show that TBP ameliorates GIOP in mice through four aspects, including coregulating signaling pathways, blocking proinflammatory cytokines, repairing the intestinal epithelial barrier, and modulating gut microbiota. Therefore, TBP may be a potential prebiotic agent to alleviate osteoporosis in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuna Bone Powder Alleviates Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis via Coregulation of the NF‐κB and Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathways and Modulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolism

Yang

et al. 2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…[11][12][13][14][15] These polysaccharides are not broken down by human digestive enzymes in the stomach or small intestine, 16 but are fermented by intestinal microbes under in vivo or in vitro conditions to regulate gut microbiota, with the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). [11][12][13][14][15] These polysaccharides are not broken down by human digestive enzymes in the stomach or small intestine, 16 but are fermented by intestinal microbes under in vivo or in vitro conditions to regulate gut microbiota, with the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14][15] These polysaccharides are not broken down by human digestive enzymes in the stomach or small intestine, 16 but are fermented by intestinal microbes under in vivo or in vitro conditions to regulate gut microbiota, with the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). 11,15 Addition of Agaricus bisporus powder to the diet of mice increased abundance of succinate-producing Prevotella bacteria and SCFA content in the intestinal tract, thereby improving glucose tolerance. 11,15 Addition of Agaricus bisporus powder to the diet of mice increased abundance of succinate-producing Prevotella bacteria and SCFA content in the intestinal tract, thereby improving glucose tolerance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extract improves insulin resistance by regulating gut microbiota composition

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

FASEB j.

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The hypoglycemic effect of Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extract (PLPE) has been documented in several previous studies, but the functional interactions among PLPE, gut microbiota, and the hypoglycemic effect remain unclear. We examined the regulatory effect of PLPE on gut microbiota, and the molecular mechanism underlying improvement of insulin resistance, using a type 2 diabetic rat model. Here, 24 male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups that were subjected to intervention of saline (normal and model control group), metformin (120 mg/kg.bw), and PLPE (600 mg/kg.bw) by oral administration. After 8 weeks of treatment, PLPE increased levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by enhancing abundance of SCFA‐producing bacteria. SCFAs maintained intestinal barrier function and reduced lipopolysaccharides content in blood, thereby helping to reduce systemic inflammation and reverse insulin resistance. Our findings suggest that PLPE (in which polysaccharides are the major component) has potential application as a prebiotic for regulating gut microbiota composition in diabetic patients.

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“…These effects were associated with reduced intestinal permeability and modulation of the composition of the gut microbiota, indicating that the polysaccharides act as prebiotics. High‐molecular‐weight polysaccharides isolated from the medicinal mushroom H. sinensis , the anamorph of Ophiocordyceps sinensis , also reduces obesity and insulin resistance in HFD‐fed mice …”

Section: Effects Of Plant and Fungal Compounds On Healthspanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiaging effects of bioactive molecules isolated from plants and fungi

Martel

Ojcius

et al. 2019

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Aging is influenced by many lifestyle choices that are under human control, including nutrition and exercise. The most effective known antiaging intervention consists of calorie restriction (CR), which increases lifespan in yeasts, worms, fruit flies, mice, and nonhuman primates. CR also improves healthspan by preventing the development of various aging‐related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Many compounds isolated from plants and fungi prolong lifespan and prevent age‐related diseases in model organisms. These plant and fungal compounds modulate the same cellular and physiological pathways as CR, including those involving insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1, mammalian target of rapamycin, and sirtuins. Modulation of these aging‐related pathways results in the activation of various cellular processes such as autophagy, DNA repair, and neutralization of reactive oxygen species. Together, these cellular processes are believed to delay aging and prevent chronic diseases by improving bodily functions and stress resistance. We review here the mechanisms of action of plant and fungal molecules possessing antiaging properties and discuss the possibilities and challenges associated with the development of antiaging compounds isolated from natural products.

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Gut commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii plays a predominant role in the anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides isolated from Hirsutella sinensis

Abstract: HSM polysaccharides and the gut bacterium represent novel prebiotics and probiotics that may be used to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Cited by 559 publications

References 57 publications

Tuna Bone Powder Alleviates Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis via Coregulation of the NF‐κB and Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathways and Modulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolism

Tuna Bone Powder Alleviates Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis via Coregulation of the NF‐κB and Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathways and Modulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolism

Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extract improves insulin resistance by regulating gut microbiota composition

Antiaging effects of bioactive molecules isolated from plants and fungi

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