Prevalência e fatores associados à realização de mamografia e exame citopatológico

Abstract

PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS À REALIZAÇÃO DE MAMOGRAFIA E EXAME CITOPATOLÓGICOPrevalence and factors associated with the performance of mammography and pap smear test Prevalencia y factores asociados a la realización de mamografía y examen histopatologico RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à realização de mamografia e exame citopatológico em mulheres da cidade de Maringá, Paraná. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, feito com 345 mulheres com idade superior a 20 anos, no período de março de 2011 a abril de 2012. Realizou-se entrevista por meio de um questionário proposto pelo Ministério da Saúde, o qual abordava aspectos sociodemográficos, fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e questões relacionadas ao rastreamento mamográfico e citopatológico. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise bivariada, análise bruta mediante Odds Ratio (OR) e qui-quadrado por meio do programa Epi Info 3.5.1, e análise multivariada por meio da regressão logística, realizada com o programa Statistica 7.1, com nível de significância de 5% e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A média de idade das mulheres foi de 52,19 (±5,27) anos. A maioria (56,5%) apresentou de 0 a 8 anos de estudo. Além disso, 84,6% (n=266) das mulheres realizaram o exame de Papanicolau e 74.3% (n=169), a mamografia. Foram associadas à menor realização de Papanicolau as mulheres com escolaridade entre 9 e 11 anos de estudo (p=0,01), e quanto à mamografia, tiveram menor adesão as mulheres sem plano de saúde privado (p<0,01). Conclusão: A cobertura da mamografia e do Papanicolau foi satisfatória entre as mulheres da cidade de Maringá, Paraná. A baixa escolaridade e as mulheres que dependiam da rede pública de saúde tiveram menor adesão à realização da mamografia. Descritores

Comparative Analysis of Mortality due to Breast Cancer and Mammography Uptake in the Federative Units of Brazil-2015 to 2021

“…With regards to mammogram rates, the Federative Unit of Paraná showed the highest one in Brazil, which goes according to the study by Lopes et al, (2015). Even though the State of Paraná has a number of mammography devices above the recommended level, these authors also found (Lopes et al, 2015) an increase in mortality from breast cancer, possibly due to poor distribution of devices, difficulties in population access to mammograms, or late screening and diagnosis. In addition to Paraná, the Units with the lowest rate of mammograms were Amapá, Distrito Federal and Piauí.…”

“…However, this group had a lower average percentage of women under 50 years of age and a lower average number of years of schooling. One possible explanation for this result is the difficulty in accessing the test, as stated by Rodrigues et al, (2019) and Lopes et al, (2015).…”

“…Furthermore, it was discovered that, in the region of Goiás, the number of devices is sufficient; however, the number of tests performed is not. In the research by Lopes et al (Lopes et al, 2015) in the State of Paraná, despite the number of mammography devices being above the recommended level, a tendency towards increased mortality from breast cancer was found, possibly due to poor distribution of devices, difficulties in accessing mammography devices by the population, or even late screening and diagnosis. Other authors (Rodrigues et al, 2020) comment on this inconsistency, since it is expected that the increase in mammograms will result in a reduction of the mortality rate and not the other way around.…”

“…This exam is responsible for the diagnosis of clinically evident lesions and the detection of subclinical lesions, hence, the screening process (Lopes et al, 2015). Lesions detected by mammograms, in general, are smaller than those clinically identified (Miller et al, 2014), which means that with the mammography, breast cancer can be detected in early stages, helping in early treatment and consequently increasing the chance of cure.…”

Health Iniquity, Unhealthy Behavior, and Coverage of Mammography in Brazil

“…Studies show social inequalities in access to breast cancer screening (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) . Black and brown (pardo) women (8) , with a low level of education (8,(10)(11)13) , who were single or living without a partner (8,10,15,16) , who smoked (8) and did not have health insurance (12)(13)(14) had mammographies less often. Additionally, studies with small samples (8,12) have shown that unhealthy behaviors, such as insufficient physical activity level and low intake of fruits and vegetables, may be associated with non-adherence to mammography screening.…”