Prevalence of syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and human T-lymphotropic virus infections and coinfections during prenatal screening in an urban Northeastern Brazilian population

Moura, Adriana Ávila; Mello, Maria Júlia Gonçalves de; Correia, Juliana Mendes

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.022

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The present study reported for the first time the serological profiles for HTLV, HIV, HBV, CMV and rubella in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, northern region of Brazil. Although the prevalence of HTLV in the study population (0.6%) was within the range previously observed in other populations in the state of Pará [ 24 , 25 ], we considered the prevalence high compared to other studies performed in pregnant women in the state of Pará [ 13 ] and other locations in Brazil, including Manaus [ 12 ], Maranhão [ 26 ], Paraná [ 18 ] and Maceió [ 23 ]. This finding is worrying because it indicates early contact of young women with an agent whose screening is not included in the prenatal tests and whose main forms of transmission include breastfeeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Our results are in agreement with data from the Ministry of Health that note a higher number of cases of HIV-1 infection in women between the ages of 20 and 24 years [ 5 ]. In Brazil, other studies in non-adolescent pregnant women demonstrated a low seroprevalence of HIV-1 infection [ 7 , 23 , 27 , 28 ], which differed from reports from other developing countries, where the prevalence of infection was greater than 5% [ 29 – 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In Brazil, several studies have reported the prevalence rates of HIV, HTLV, CMV, HBV and rubella in general populations of pregnant women [ 12 , 18 , 22 , 23 ]. However, epidemiological information about these agents is still scarce in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of HIV, HTLV, CMV, HBV and rubella virus infections in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil

Guerra

Siravenha

Laurentino

et al. 2018

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundPrenatal tests are important for prevention of vertical transmission of various infectious agents. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella virus and vaccination coverage against HBV in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed with 324 pregnant adolescents from 2009 to 2010. After the interview and blood collection, the patients were screened for antibodies and/or antigens against HIV-1/2, HTLV-1/2, CMV, rubella virus and HBV. The epidemiological variables were demonstrated using descriptive statistics with the G, χ2 and Fisher exact tests.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 15.8 years, and the majority (65.4%) had less than 6 years of education. The mean age at first intercourse was 14.4 years, and 60.8% reported having a partner aged between 12 and 14 years. The prevalence of HIV infection was 0.3%, and of HTLV infection was 0.6%. Regarding HBV, 0.6% of the participants had acute infection, 9.9% had a previous infection, 16.7% had vaccine immunity and 72.8% were susceptible to infection. The presence of anti-HBs was greater in adolescent between 12 and 14 years old (28.8%) while the anti-HBc was greater in adolescent between 15 and 18 years old (10.3%). Most of the adolescents presented the IgG antibody to CMV (96.3%) and rubella (92.3%). None of the participants had acute rubella infection, and 2.2% had anti-CMV IgM.ConclusionsThis study is the first report of the seroepidemiology of infectious agents in a population of pregnant adolescents in the Northern region of Brazil. Most of the adolescents had low levels of education, were susceptible to HBV infection and had IgG antibodies to CMV and rubella virus. The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HTLV was similar to that reported in other regions of Brazil. However, the presence of these agents in this younger population reinforces the need for good prenatal follow-up and more comprehensive vaccination campaigns against HBV due to the large number of women susceptible to the virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Seroprevalence of HIV, HTLV, CMV, HBV and rubella virus infections in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil

Guerra

Siravenha

Laurentino

et al. 2018

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Most of these mothers with syphilis in our study were migrants, unemployed or illiterate, which might have increased the risk of infection and the likelihood of missed active interventions. Moreover, syphilis was subjected to HIV/STD coinfection as previously reported 21. Stigma and isolation might pose obstacles to screening and antenatal care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effectiveness of treatment to improve pregnancy outcomes among women with syphilis in Zhejiang Province, China

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2016

Sex Transm Infect

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“…HIV prevalence in women during antenatal care in 2007 in Sergipe state was found to be 0.09% amongst women aged 10-19 (95%CI: 0.01-0.3) [40]. In Maceio, AL between 2007 and 2012, the HIV prevalence amongst pregnant women aged 15-26 years was 0.3% [41]. A nationwide analysis of 15-24 year-old women in labor in 2009 found a prevalence of 0.7% (95%CI: 0.4–1.1) [42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of prevalence, incidence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst young people in Brazil

2017

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BackgroundDespite young people being a key population for HIV prevention, the HIV epidemic amongst young Brazilians is perceived to be growing. We therefore reviewed all published literature on HIV prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst 10-25 year olds in Brazil.MethodsWe searched Embase, LILACS, Proquest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published up to March 2017 and analyzed reference lists of relevant studies. We included published studies from any time in the HIV epidemic which provided estimates specific to ages 10-25 (or some subset of this age range) for Brazilians on either: (a) HIV prevalence or incidence; or (b) the association between HIV and socio-demographic or behavioral risk factors.ResultsForty eight publications met the inclusion criteria: 44 cross-sectional, two case-control, two cohort. Four studies analysed national data. Forty seven studies provided HIV prevalence estimates, largely for six population subgroups: Counselling and Testing Center attendees; blood donors; pregnant women; institutional individuals; men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW); four provided HIV incidence estimates. Twelve studies showed HIV status to be associated with a wide range of risk factors, including age, sexual and reproductive history, infection history, substance use, geography, marital status, mental health and socioeconomic status.ConclusionsFew published studies have examined HIV amongst young people in Brazil, and those published have been largely cross-sectional and focused on traditional risk groups and the south of the country. Despite these limitations, the literature shows raised HIV prevalence amongst MSM and FSW, as well as amongst those using drugs. Time trends are harder to identify, although rates appear to be falling for pregnant women, possibly reversing an earlier de-masculinization of the epidemic. Improved surveillance of HIV incidence, prevalence and risk factors is a key component of efforts to eliminate HIV in Brazil.

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Prevalence of syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and human T-lymphotropic virus infections and coinfections during prenatal screening in an urban Northeastern Brazilian population

Abstract: Syphilis was twice as prevalent among pregnant women in Maceió, compared to the national average, and coinfections with syphilis/HIV and HTLV/HBV were significantly associated among these pregnant women.

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Seroprevalence of HIV, HTLV, CMV, HBV and rubella virus infections in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil

Seroprevalence of HIV, HTLV, CMV, HBV and rubella virus infections in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil

Effectiveness of treatment to improve pregnancy outcomes among women with syphilis in Zhejiang Province, China

A scoping review of prevalence, incidence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst young people in Brazil

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