Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Raw Milk Samples in Al Jazirah State, Sudan

Abstract

Milk play a major role in human sources of nutrition and remain as the most important prominent in the Sudanese diet. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are humans and animals opportunistic pathogens, responsible for a wide range of infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the commercial available milk and to detect ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae from raw milk samples of cow in Al Jazirah state, Sudan. Seventy fresh row cow milk samples were collected and examined using standard microbiological methods, ESBL detection was performed on all the isolates by Ceftazidime screening test, those shows positive results by screening method were subjected to ESBL confirmatory test using Double-Disk Synergy Test and Molecular base detection using conventional PCR. Out of the 70 collected samples, 58 (82.8%) showed positive isolating result, the highest prevalence of the isolates was K. pneumoniae 36 (62%) followed by E. coli 22 (38%). The most resistance antibiotics against isolates was Ampicillin (98%), ESBL production was detected among 17 out of the 22 isolated E. coli (29.3%) and 26 (44.8%) out of the 36 isolated K. pneumoniae. The ESBL gene encoding the ESBL isolates was CTX-M gene representing 61% fellows by SHV gene (23%) and TEM gene (16%). ESBL-producing bacteria may also be transferred via waste milk to calves, thus further spreading antibiotic resistance in the farm environment.

Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

“…In this study, the majority of the E. coli isolates (65.3%) were found to be ESBL producers, a level similar to other studies [ 34 , 64 , 65 , 66 ] but higher than levels reported in Zambia (20%), Nigeria (37.8%), and Ghana (29%) [ 49 , 67 , 68 ]. All ESBL producers were significantly more resistant to all the tested antimicrobials as compared to the non-ESBL producers, suggesting selective pressure due to extensive use of beta-lactam and cephalosporin in animal farming, and the existence of multiple resistance mechanisms resulting from indiscriminate use of veterinary drugs [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ].…”

Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Encoding Genes among Urinary Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Isolates Obtained from a Tertiary Hospital in Gombe Nigeria

“…These high values were consistent with other reports on ESBL prevalence such as those from India and Egypt[34] [38] where ESBL production as high as 41.5% in E. coli, and 54.5% in K. pneumoniae were found. Values higher (91% in E. coli and 89.2% in K. pneumoniae) than observed in this study, have, however, been reported[45] in Aljazira State of Sudan. Much lower results compared to the result from the present finding of 32% in E. coli, 20% in K. pneumoniae, 20% in Proteus spp.…”

Detection, characterization, and antibiogram of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli isolated from bovine milk samples in West Bengal, India

“…Approximately 12% of the total milk samples screened were found to yield E. coli isolates in this study which were also supported by Kamaruzzaman [ 13 ], Badri et al . [ 14 ], Geser et al . [ 15 ], and Ali et al .…”

“…[ 16 ] reported 36 (23.53%) and Badri et al . [ 14 ] reported 29.3% ESBL-positive E. coli strains from bovine milk samples which may be of great concern as these pathogens may be carried out to the human consumers as well as calves leading to the spread of the antibiotic-resistant pathogens over human and animal population. Sharma et al .…”