Detection, characterization, and antibiogram of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli isolated from bovine milk samples in West Bengal, India

Abstract

Background:Milk is considered as complete food and an important part of human diet throughout the world including India. Bacterial contamination of milk such as Escherichia coli due to unhygienic condition and poor udder health can cause infections, especially in infants and elders or in immunocompromised persons. Possession of antimicrobial resistance genes by commensal bacteria present in milk makes the issue more serious.Aim:The study was aimed to isolate and characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli from milk samples collected from different parts of West Bengal, India, to assess the potential risk associated with the food.Materials and Methods:Around 182 milk samples were collected from apparently healthy cows reared by organized dairy farms in West Bengal. E. coli was isolated from collected samples as per standard methods followed by serotyping. The detection of ESBL-producing E. coli was done both phenotypically and genotypically by detecting the presence of blaCTX-M gene. Antibiogram of the ESBL-positive isolates was done using common 12 antibiotics by disc diffusion method.Results:A total of 22 (12.1%) samples were found to be positive for E. coli in this study. Different serotypes such as O11, O20, O22, O34, O35, O128, O149, and UT were isolated from the collected samples. 12 (54.5%) E. coli strains showed the capability of producing ESBL, both phenotypically and genotypically with the presence of blaCTX-M gene. Antibiogram of these ESBL-positive isolates revealed the drugs such as colistin (100%), levofloxacin (83.33%), and imipenem (66.67%) to be highly sensitive against this pathogen but drugs such as cefotaxime (100%), ceftazidime (91.67%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (83.33%), tetracycline (75.00%), and gentamicin (58.33%) to be very much resistant.Conclusion:More than 50% of the E. coli strains prevalent in the bovine milk samples were positive for ESBL production and are resistant to most of the common antimicrobials which may be alarming for human health.

Antimicrobial resistance at the human–animal interface in the Pastoralist Communities of Kasese District, South Western Uganda

“…Klebsiella pneumoniae from cattle origin was mostly resistant to cefazolin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefuroxime (91, 82, 64) %, respectively. High resistance to cephalosporins among the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from cattle has been reported in several studies in Africa and elsewhere 43 – 46 . Ampicillin and amoxicillin resistance has also been commonly observed in several studies 43 , 47 – 49 .…”

“…High resistance to cephalosporins among the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from cattle has been reported in several studies in Africa and elsewhere 43 – 46 . Ampicillin and amoxicillin resistance has also been commonly observed in several studies 43 , 47 – 49 . Low resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and imipenem among the E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and other isolates was observed in this study.…”

“…Similarly, low rates of resistance (0.89%) of E. coli isolated from dairy cattle to gentamicin were reported by a study in Zambia 53 and less than 10% of the isolates from the dairy cattle from farms in Jordan were resistant to gentamicin 54 . On the contrary, higher resistance to gentamicin was reported from the E. coli isolated from milk in Bengal-India 43 . The varied prevalence of resistance against gentamicin from different geographical regions could be explained by different antibiotic use patterns in these regions.…”

Ethnoveterinary medicine for responsible dairying

“…In West Bengal, 54.5% E. coli strains isolated from milk showed the capability of producing ESBL, both phenotypically and genotypically with the presence of bla CTX-M gene. The strains exhibited varying degree of resistance to drugs such as cefotaxime, ceftazidime, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and gentamicin (Batabyal et al 2018). In Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi all E. coli strains isolated were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, ampicillin and carbenicillin.…”

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Milk

“…Milk is considered as nature's single most complete food and important part of the diet (Haug et al, 2007). India is the largest milk producing countries in the world with dairy industry playing an important role in the rural economy generating huge self-employment (Batabyal et al, 2018). Contamination of milk can occur due to several causes, moreover; its high nutritive value makes it an ideal medium for the rapid multiplication of bacteria, particularly under unhygienic production and storage at ambient temperatures (Kim et al, 1983;OECD, 2005).…”