Prevalence of contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia in pastoral flocks of goats in the Rift Valley region of Kenya

Kipronoh, Alexander; Ombui, JN; Kiara, Henry K.; Binepal, Yatinder S.; Gitonga, Eric; Wesonga, Hezron

doi:10.1007/s11250-015-0934-0

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In addition, the odds ratio (OR) of seropositivity revealed that adult and female goats were showing antibodies against CCPP more than young and male goats, respectively. This finding agrees with the reports by Hadush et al [16] and Kipronoh et al [42]. Both age groups and sexes of goats have been reported to be susceptible although higher mortalities have been documented among young animals than adults [29, 43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Western Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia

Abrhaley

Ejo

Fentie

2019

Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) has been identified as a significant problem in goat production, especially in the arid and semiarid lowland areas of Ethiopia. Even though CCPP was reported in most of the goat rearing areas of the country, there is no adequate information on the disease in the Amhara Region. Cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in the districts of Western Amhara to estimate the seroprevalence and identify the associated risk factors for occurrence of the CCPP. The risk factors considered included age, sex, agroclimate, and districts. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was carried out on a total of 400 goat sera samples, out of which 34 samples were found seropositive for specific antibodies against CCPP, with the overall seroprevalence of 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) =5.8, 11.2). Among the epidemiological factors considered, age and sex of the goats were not significantly associated with CCPP seroprevalence (p>0.05). However, the seropositivity was slightly higher in adults (9.9%) and female goats (9.0%) compared to young (6.3%) and male (7.5%) goats, respectively. The analysis of seroprevalence by district shows that the seroprevalence of CCPP in Metema (OR=14.34; 95%CI= 1.80, 114.09; p=0.012) and Fogera (OR=9.99; 95%CI= 1.10, 91.16; p= 0.041) was significantly higher compared to other study districts. Multivariable logistic regression analysis also identified the district as a risk factor for the occurrence of a high seroprevalence of CCPP. The present study revealed the seroprevalence and the distribution of CCPP in Western Amhara districts, and hence appropriate control measures including regular investigation and vaccination should be implemented to alleviate the problem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Western Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia

Abrhaley

Ejo

Fentie

2019

Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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“…In 2015, the PPR seroprevalence in Turkana was estimated at 40% and 32% in goats and sheep, respectively (Kihu et al 2015b). Similarly, the CCPP seroprevalence was recorded at 63.9% in Turkana West subcounty (Kipronoh et al 2016). More recent estimates of relative prevalence are 17% and 13.3% for CCPP and PPR, respectively (Veterinary Services 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A One Health framework for integrated service delivery in Turkana County, Kenya

Griffith

Kipkemoi²,

Robbins

et al. 2020

Pastoralism

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Pastoralists in sub-Saharan Africa have limited access to public services due to their mobile lifestyle, economic and political marginalization, and the limited health infrastructure that is common to arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) where they primarily reside. This often results in poor health outcomes, including increased rates of maternal, neonatal, and under-5 mortality. One Health approaches that integrate human and animal health service delivery can help to improve pastoralists' health through increased vaccine coverage and improved access to services. Kenya has institutionalized One Health at the national level; however, progress at the subnational level has been limited due to sustainability concerns, competing priorities, and insufficient coordination platforms. To address this gap, this paper presents a One Health framework (OHF) to aid in the implementation of integrated human and animal health policies in Turkana County, which can act as a model for other ASALs. Utilizing a grounded theory design, we conducted semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with human health, animal health, and pastoralist stakeholders. Inadequate engagement with the public sector was identified as a major limitation by community members. Factors that contributed to this include distance to health facilities and restricted department capacities such as availability of vehicles, personnel, and cold chain maintenance. Our proposed OHF harnesses the existing structure of service delivery in Turkana and establishes an official coordination mechanism to implement One Health activities, through the form of mobile "One Health Huduma Centres", offering a range of public services. This innovative framework is supported by stakeholders in Turkana and can improve service delivery constraints thereby improving the health of Turkana pastoralists.

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“…The large majority of the population practises pastoralism. Goats are the main species and play an important role in the rural households livelihoods and social life (Kipronoh et al, ). The flock monitoring survey was implemented from November 2012 to the end of October 2013 in Turkana East and South Districts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is endemic in the Rift valley region with a sero‐prevalence ranging from 63.9% in Turkana West and 29.2% in East Pokot (Kipronoh et al, ). The disease is considered by the pastoralists as the most frequent disease affecting their flocks with a reported incidence of 25% and a case fatality rate of 62.5% (with 10th and 90th percentiles of 25 and 100%) (Bett et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In endemic regions and high prevalence areas, it is a major threat with serious consequences on people's livelihoods and economy. Several studies report CCPP as one of the main infectious diseases affecting the goats in the ASALs (Bett, Jost, Allport, & Mariner, ; Kipronoh et al, ; Peyraud et al, ). The disease is well known by the pastoralists who describe it as a respiratory disease with a high mortality rate identifiable by its pathognomonic necropsy lesions of fibrinous pleuropneumonia (Asmare et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic impact of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and cost–benefit analysis of the vaccination programmes based on a one‐year continuous monitoring of flocks in the arid and semi‐arid lands of Kenya

Renault

Hambe

Vlaenderen³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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In Kenya and East Africa, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases affecting small ruminants in pastoral areas with adverse consequences on livelihoods. This is so despite the implementation of bi‐annual vaccination campaigns. Unfortunately, the impact of the disease and the cost‐effectiveness of its prevention and control in a pastoral context have been difficult to assess due to a lack of reliable data. The dynamic of flock population, high illiteracy and limited outreach are the main challenges for proper data collection. Nevertheless, such analysis is important to justify the implementation of national vaccination campaign for livestock disease control and to contribute to pastoral households’ economy support programme. A continuous flock monitoring was performed for a year in Turkana County to collect data on flock dynamics and the different causes of mortalities. A stochastic model was developed to evaluate the annual economic losses due to CCPP in a standard flock of 100 heads and evaluate the cost–benefit ratio of the vaccination programmes based on different scenarios of 95%, 50% and 20% vaccination effectiveness. The annual economic losses due to CCPP for a standard flock of 100 heads were estimated at Euros 1,712.66 in average. The benefits‐costs ratio of the vaccination supports the current bi‐annual vaccination campaigns, even with a vaccine effectiveness limited to 20% (average benefits‐costs ratio of 5.715 with SD of 3.914). This justifies the campaigns as part of a food security or livelihood support programme. However, from an overall health perspective and for long‐term effects on livestock asset protection and disease control, a higher vaccination effectiveness is required.

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Prevalence of contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia in pastoral flocks of goats in the Rift Valley region of Kenya

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Western Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Western Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia

A One Health framework for integrated service delivery in Turkana County, Kenya

Economic impact of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and cost–benefit analysis of the vaccination programmes based on a one‐year continuous monitoring of flocks in the arid and semi‐arid lands of Kenya

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