Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Western Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) has been identified as a significant problem in goat production, especially in the arid and semiarid lowland areas of Ethiopia. Even though CCPP was reported in most of the goat rearing areas of the country, there is no adequate information on the disease in the Amhara Region. Cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in the districts of Western Amhara to estimate the seroprevalence and identify the associated risk factors for occurrence of the CCPP. The risk factors considered included age, sex, agroclimate, and districts. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was carried out on a total of 400 goat sera samples, out of which 34 samples were found seropositive for specific antibodies against CCPP, with the overall seroprevalence of 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) =5.8, 11.2). Among the epidemiological factors considered, age and sex of the goats were not significantly associated with CCPP seroprevalence (p>0.05). However, the seropositivity was slightly higher in adults (9.9%) and female goats (9.0%) compared to young (6.3%) and male (7.5%) goats, respectively. The analysis of seroprevalence by district shows that the seroprevalence of CCPP in Metema (OR=14.34; 95%CI= 1.80, 114.09; p=0.012) and Fogera (OR=9.99; 95%CI= 1.10, 91.16; p= 0.041) was significantly higher compared to other study districts. Multivariable logistic regression analysis also identified the district as a risk factor for the occurrence of a high seroprevalence of CCPP. The present study revealed the seroprevalence and the distribution of CCPP in Western Amhara districts, and hence appropriate control measures including regular investigation and vaccination should be implemented to alleviate the problem.

Seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants and Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Coinfections in Goats in Kwale County, Kenya

“…In the present study, the overall CCPP seropositivity was 45.4%. CCPP has also been reported in some East African countries, including Ethiopia (8.5%) [12] and Uganda (17.7%-23.3%) [31]. In Pakistan, CCPP seroprevalence was reported to be at 32.5% [32].…”

“…Te present study showed no signifcant diference in PPR and CCPP seropositivity between male and female goats. A higher CCPP seropositivity in females has, however, been reported in Tanzania [38], and this might be because female goats are kept longer for reproduction [12]; their immunity may weaken as they get older, thus increasing their risk of diseases. Univariate analysis revealed no relationship between PPR and CCPP infection despite a 22.3% PPR-CCPP coinfection, and this might be because the two diseases are endemic in the region and the exposure risks are comparable.…”

“…CCPP is another highly contagious respiratory disease of goats caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp), posing a severe threat to goat populations [12]. Te disease causes heavy economic losses in low and middle-income nations relying on goat farming, especially in Africa and Asia [13], and these losses are similar to those caused by PPR [14,15].…”

Determination of Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia and Associated Risk Factors in Goats and Sheep Using Classification and Regression Tree

“…The higher prevalence of CCPP in older animals may be attributed to greater exposure to Mccp over a longer period of time and is not necessarily the result of a new infection [ 2 ]. Additionally, reduced physiological status and poor host protection mechanisms in older animals might play an important role in the higher CCPP prevalence compared to younger animals [ 47 ]. The results of this study showed that communal feeding and watering is an important risk factor of CCPP.…”

“…The results of this study showed that communal feeding and watering is an important risk factor of CCPP. This might be due to the close contact between diseased and healthy animals and, consequently, the circulation of the disease in the population [ 47 ]. The main limitation of the CART model was that the clustering of animals within flocks was not considered.…”