Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, and associated risk factors in the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland and Lithuania: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Empirical evidence on the epidemiology of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia is limited in many countries in Central and Eastern Europe. We aimed to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland and Lithuania, and to identify the risk factors for the three chronic conditions. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from the HAPIEE study, including adults aged 45–69 years in the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland and Lithuania, collected between 2002 and 2008 (total sample N = 30,882). Among prevalent cases, we estimated awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia by gender and country. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify associated risk factors. Results In each country among both men and women, we found high prevalence but low control of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Awareness rates of hypertension were the lowest in both men (61.40%) and women (69.21%) in the Czech Republic, while awareness rates of hypercholesterolemia were the highest in both men (46.51%) and women (51.20%) in Poland. Polish participants also had the highest rates of awareness (77.37% in men and 79.53% in women), treatment (71.99% in men and 74.87% in women) and control (30.98% in men and 38.08% in women) of diabetes. The common risk factors for the three chronic conditions were age, gender, education, obesity and alcohol consumption. Conclusions Patterns of awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia differed by country. Efforts should be made in all four countries to control these conditions, including implementation of international guidelines in everyday practice to improve detection and effective management of these conditions.

Cardiac status and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk of convalescents after COVID-19 in Poland

“…Studies conducted on the Polish population before the COVID-19 pandemic [26][27][28]47] indicated an equally high level of main ASCVD risk factors as in the described group of convalescents after COVID-19. Lu et al [47] analyzed the data from the HAPIEE study, covering 30,882 adults aged 45-69 years from the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland, and Lithuania, collected from 2002 to 2008.…”

“…Studies conducted on the Polish population before the COVID-19 pandemic [26][27][28]47] indicated an equally high level of main ASCVD risk factors as in the described group of convalescents after COVID-19. Lu et al [47] analyzed the data from the HAPIEE study, covering 30,882 adults aged 45-69 years from the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland, and Lithuania, collected from 2002 to 2008. In this group, which matched the ages of the participants in our study, the prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was over 60% and 75% in men and 55% and 80% in women, respectively.…”

Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with controlled hypertension after 9 years of observation of a PURE Poland cohort study

“…The worldwide prevalence of HT is high but is not always followed by adequate BP control (15,16). Although in the late 1990's and early 2000's, there has been an improvement in global treatment and control of HT, the control rates have plateaued in the last decade at lower levels than expected (17).…”

Associations of ANGPTL6, DOCK6, FABP1, and PCSK9 single nucleotide variants and hypercholesterolemia in the Polish population: a cross-sectional study

“…This fact could limit the generalizability of our study, given that over 50% of patients might be unaware of an existing lipid disorder, and only about 20% of individuals with a lipid disorder receive hypolipemic treatment. 47,48 Furthermore, the serum LDL-C concentration was calculated using the Friedewald formula in the patients with serum triglyceride concentrations below 400 mg/dl, which are derived from TCH, HDL -C, and triglyceride concentrations. The Friedewald formula assumes a fixed ratio of triglyceride levels to very LDL -C (TG:VLDL -C) of 5:1.…”