Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with controlled hypertension after 9 years of observation of a PURE Poland cohort study

Abstract

IntroductionDespite some improvement in awareness and treatment of hypertension, blood pressure control is still below expectations in Poland. The aim of the study was to analyze the secular trend of hypertension prevalence in the PURE Poland cohort study over 9 years of observation and to analyze factors associated with controlled HT.MethodsThe study group consisted of 1,598 participants enrolled in a Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study (PURE), who participated both in baseline (2007–2010) and 9-year follow-up (2016–2019). Hypertension was ascertained on the basis of (1) self-reported hypertension previously diagnosed by the physician, (2) self-reported anti-hypertensive medication, and/or (3) an average of two blood pressure measurements ≥140 mmHg systolic BP and/or ≥90 mmHg diastolic BP.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension increased from 69.4% at baseline to 85.9% at 9-year follow-up. The chance of HT was 8.6-fold higher in the oldest vs. the youngest age group [OR 8.55; CI 4.47–16.1]. Male sex increased the chance for hypertension over 3-fold [OR 3.23; CI 2.26–4.73]. Obesity, according to BMI, increased the chance of HT 8-fold [OR 8.01; CI 5.20–12.8] in comparison with normal body weight. Male sex decreased the chance of controlled HT after 9 years [OR 0.68; CI 0.50–0.92]. There was no statistically significant association between controlled HT and age or place of residence. Higher and secondary education increased the chance of controlled HT over 2-fold in comparison with primary education [OR 2.35; CI 1.27–4.34, OR 2.34; CI 1.33–4.11]. Obesity significantly decreased the chance of controlled HT after 9 years in comparison with normal body weight [OR 0.54; CI 0.35–0.83].ConclusionFactors significantly increasing the chance for controlled hypertension after 9 years were female sex, secondary and tertiary education, normal body weight, and avoiding alcohol drinking. Changes in lifestyle, with special emphasis on maintaining normal body weight, should be the basis of prevention and control of HT.

The role of epidemiological research in public health using the PURE Poland study as an example

“…The results of a recent study of the Polish PURE cohort showed there was a 3.5% decrease in current smokers during the analysed period (from 20.2% at the baseline study to 16.7% in the 9-year follow-up) [23], an increase in the prevalence of diabetes from 17.7% at baseline to 28.3% at 6-year follow-up [35]. They also showed a 16.5% increase in the prevalence of arterial hypertension at the 9-year follow-up (from 69.4% at baseline to 85.9% at 9-year follow-up) [31]. In addition, they showed min.…”

“…The main research directions in the analyses of the data collected in the Polish PURE cohort during the longterm follow-up period focused on dietary factors [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], the effect of CETP and PLTP protein activity on lipid disorders [17,18], overweight and obesity [19][20][21][22], atti- tudes toward tobacco smoking [23][24][25][26], alcohol consumption [27], sleep [28], quality of life [29], prevalence and determinants of hypertension [30,31], and carbohydrate metabolism disorders [32][33][34][35][36].…”