Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Congo-Brazzaville Pygmies

Moussouami, Simplice Innocent; Bouhika, Eddie Janvier; Nsompi, Florent; Kayilou, Jean Michel Bazaba; Mbemba, François; Alphonse, Massamba

doi:10.4236/wjcd.2016.67023

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The severity of CAD is directly proportional to the number of components. 24 In the present study, it was seen that all 5 components of MetS were more frequently in ACS patients with the MetS as compared to without MetS, which is statistically significant (p<0.05). This was in congruence with study findings by Ranjith et al 25 MetS increases cardiovascular risk and each of its components is associated with an increased risk of CVS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its different components in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Jain

2019

Int J Adv Med

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Background: Several components of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) are risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of MetS and its components in patients with CAD.Methods: Author included all patients admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), who had CAD confirmed by coronary angiography. They were divided into two groups according to presence or absence of MetS based on International Diabetes Federation criteria. The prevalence of MetS and its individual components was estimated.Results: It was observed that there is a high prevalence of MetS (66%) in patients admitted with ACS. Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in female patients (82.4%) than in male patients (57.6%) with ACS. Hypertension is the most prevalent (87.9) component of MetS. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the 2nd most prevalent (83.3%) component of MetS. About 65.2% patients with MetS had abnormally raised triglyceride levels and 32(48.5%) had abnormally low HDL-cholesterol level. Among the MetS 38(57.6%) had abnormal waist circumference. Among the study group, the most common triad of MetS components was DM + HTN + abnormal TG. There is significant association between MetS and microalbuminuria, with incidence of 22(33.3%) in this study. Similarly, a significant association between DM and microalbuminuria, 23(33.8%) was observed.Conclusions: This study confirms a very high prevalence of MetS in Indian patients with CAD. The prevalence of the risk factors was higher in CAD patients with MetS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its different components in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Jain

2019

Int J Adv Med

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“…Although after adjusting of sex, there was no statistically significant relationship between the categories of age and physical activity with the MetS in the CAD patients; however, these variables were significantly higher among CAD patients with MetS than in those without MetS. Similar studies in Iranian adult population reported that all major components of MetS increase with aging [ 19 , 35 , 36 ], and a higher rate of MetS [ 7 , 8 , 19 ] and its components [ 21 ] has been reported in women compared with men in earlier studies. Karimi et al [ 29 ] demonstrated that the patients with CAD were more male with older age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia (high TG and low HDL-C) [ 1 , 2 , 21 ], hypertension [ 2 ] and hyperglycemia [ 2 , 21 ] most often were reported as the MS components, and the severity of CAD increased with the number of components [ 2 ]. A study performed in Shanghai showed that among individual components of MetS, low HDL, high FBG, and high BP had the highest OR for coronary heart disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several cross-sectional investigations performed in Iran have shown that the incidence rate of hypertension was significantly higher in CAD patients compared to healthy population [ 25 , 32 ] and in non-insulin-treated than insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus [ 33 ]. It was higher in men than in women [ 28 ], and increased with older age [ 21 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

et al. 2016

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BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide health problem, which is growing in Iranian adults. MetS is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of MetS and its individual components in CAD patients.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 200 CAD patients who had undergone elective coronary angiography at the cardiology department. Anthropometric indices including waist circumference (WC) and body mass index were measured. Blood samples were obtained to determine glucose and lipid profile. MetS components were defined according to the modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS among patients was 49.5% (women: 55.9%; men: 40.2%; P < 0.05). The prevalence increased with age. The low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (low HDL-C) (84.8%), high fasting blood glucose (high FBG) (77.8%) and high WC (75.8%) were the most prevalent risk factors in CAD patients with MetS.ConclusionsRecent data indicate that the dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and abdominal obesity are crucial predictors of MetS in CAD patients. Further prospective studies are recommended for more clarification.

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Polygenic adaptation and convergent evolution on growth and cardiac genetic pathways in African and Asian rainforest hunter-gatherers

Bergey

Lopez

Harrison

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Different human populations facing similar environmental challenges have sometimes evolved convergent biological adaptations, for example, hypoxia resistance at high altitudes and depigmented skin in northern latitudes on separate continents. The “pygmy” phenotype (small adult body size), characteristic of hunter-gatherer populations inhabiting both African and Asian tropical rainforests, is often highlighted as another case of convergent adaptation in humans. However, the degree to which phenotypic convergence in this polygenic trait is due to convergent versus population-specific genetic changes is unknown. To address this question, we analyzed high-coverage sequence data from the protein-coding portion of the genomes of two pairs of populations: Batwa rainforest hunter-gatherers and neighboring Bakiga agriculturalists from Uganda and Andamanese rainforest hunter-gatherers and Brahmin agriculturalists from India. We observed signatures of convergent positive selection between the rainforest hunter-gatherers across the set of genes with “growth factor binding” functions (P<0.001). Unexpectedly, for the rainforest groups, we also observed convergent and population-specific signatures of positive selection in pathways related to cardiac development (e.g., “cardiac muscle tissue development”; P=0.001). We hypothesize that the growth hormone subresponsiveness likely underlying the adult small body-size phenotype may have led to compensatory changes in cardiac pathways, in which this hormone also plays an essential role. Importantly, in the agriculturalist populations, we did not observe similar patterns of positive selection on sets of genes associated with growth or cardiac development, indicating our results most likely reflect a history of convergent adaptation to the similar ecology of rainforests rather than a more general evolutionary pattern.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Congo-Brazzaville Pygmies

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its different components in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its different components in patients with acute coronary syndrome

The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Polygenic adaptation and convergent evolution on growth and cardiac genetic pathways in African and Asian rainforest hunter-gatherers

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