Prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity

Abstract

Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the main causeof visual impairment in premature infants. Due to advances inneonatal care, the increased survival of extremely low birth weight(ELBW) infants in recent years has produced a population ofinfants at very high risk of ROP.Objective The aims of this study were to determine theprevalence and potential risk factors for ROP.Methods This retrospective study was conducted at theNeonatalogy Ward, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, fromJanuary 2005 to August 2010. We included all prematureinfants of gestational age (GA) < 37 weeks, body weight(BW) not exceeding 2000 grams, as well as those who hadeye examinations and complete medical records. Risk factorssuch as GA, BW, duration of oxygen (Oz) therapy, sepsis, andred blood cell (RBC) transfusion were analyzed using the Chi􀀻square and logistic regression tests. Pediatric ophthalmologistshad performed eye examinations on all infants. ROP was gradedaccording to the International Classification of ROP.Results The prevalence of ROP and of stage 3 or greaterROP was 11.9% and 4.8% of all subjects, respectively. Bodyweight, GA, duration of Oz therapy, and sepsis were found tobe associated with the development ofROP. However, stepwiselogistic regression analysis revealed that only BW of:s 1000g [odds ratio (OR) 10.88; 95% CI 3.09 to 38.31; P < 0.000],02 therapy 2: 7 days (OR 5.56; 95% CI 1.86 to 16.58; P <0.0001), and GA of oS 28 weeks (OR 4.26; 95% CI 1.15 to15.81; P = 0.030) were statistically significant risk factors forROP. The equation obtained was y 􀀃 -4.092 + 2.388 (BW)+ 1.451 (GA) + 1.716 (duration of 02 therapy). The modelshowed good calibration (a non􀀻significant Hosmer􀀻Lemeshowtest; P = 0.816) and discriminative ability. The area underthe curve (AUC) value was 92.2% (95% CI 0.867 to 0.976;P < 0.0001).Conclusion Prevalence ofROP in this study (11.9%) was lowerthan that of previous studies. By regression logistic analysis, themain risk factors for development ofROP were BW of:s 1000g, Oz therapy 2: 7 days, and GA :s 28 weeks. The probability ofROP occurrence increased v.ith greater number of risk factors.[Paediatr rndones. 2012;52:138-44].

Retinopathy of prematurity: Incidence and risk factor

“…Hakeem K H et al 11 in their study found insignificant relationship between ROP and RDS. However in the present study a significant correlation was revealed between them, which was in line with results of Yau GS et al 19 Septicaemia was found to be a statistically significant (p<.05) risk factor for ROP development in the present study and this agreed with studies of Shah et al 12 In our study, we found blood transfusion (p>.05) to be a non significant risk factor for ROP development, which was in agreement with, Cut Badriah et al 20 In present study apnoea and Asphyxia were found to be a statistically significant (p<.05) risk factor for ROP development. Chaudhari S et al 15 found that apnoea was a significant risk factor for ROP.…”

Retinopathy of prematurity in Indonesia: Incidence and risk factors

“…An overview of the results described in these papers is given in Table 1. The incidence of any stage of ROP in infants with a birth weight of <1500 g and/or a gestational age of <32 weeks ranged from 11.9-30.5% [6][7][8][9]. One study included all infants born with a birth weight of <2500 g and a gestational age of <37 weeks, with a risk factor, and found an incidence of 26% [6].…”

Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Tertiary Hospital

“…Infants who received RBC transfusion have 1.09 times (95% CI 0.343-3.480) higher odds for the occurrence of ROP compared to those who never received red blood cell transfusion. Badriah et al (18) and Hengartner et al (21) who previously conducted a study in Indonesia and Switzerland respectively reported similar findings where RBC transfusion is not related to the development of ROP (p=0.327, p=0.179). In contrast, two previous studies reported significant relation between red blood cell transfusion and retinopathy of prematurity.…”

“…( 16) On the contrary, Gaber et al (17) reported higher frequency of ROP in older infants with gestational age (GA) of ≥ 32 weeks. The number of subjects with ROP are equally divided within the birth weight category with 11 subjects weighing < 1500 g and 11 subjects weighing ≥ 1500 g. Most of the patients with ROP were on oxygen therapy for ≥ 7 days, similar to the findings of a study conducted in Jakarta (18), but opposing to a report by Hakeem et al (19) Out of 22 patients with ROP, only 5 received RBC transfusion. This result is in line with a study by Rao et al (20) and opposite of a report by Hengartner et al (21) Almost all of the patients with ROP were born by caesarean section and only one patient was born spontaneously.…”

“…20-37.20). (18,38) The mode of ventilation and oxygen fraction may also contribute to the development of retinopathy of prematurity. (38).…”