Preparation of Nonlethal Projectiles by Polyurethane Foam with the Dynamic and Microscopic Characterization for Risk Assessment and Management

Abstract

Nonlethal projectiles are manufactured and designed proportionately, with a minimal likelihood of mortality or harm. However, numerous real-world examples indicate that nonlethal projectiles can potentially inflict severe lesions and death in some circumstances. As a result, it is essential to design and manage the manufacture of projectile materials to achieve maximum efficacy with the least amount of collateral damage. The current paper provides a technique for generating and analyzing filled polyurethane (PU) foams and studying their viscoelastic characteristics. The sand and graphite composition ranged between 5 and 10% by weight. The suggested technique seeks to exert control over the evolution of the microstructure. The mechanical characteristics were obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) testing. We made a pneumatic launcher and a sturdy rigid wall. In addition, the artificial human head is covered with force sensors to perform dynamic characterization. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the polyurethane foam cross sections demonstrated that the average cell size of 98 μm was unaffected by the fillings’ content. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) characterized the developmental foams’ physicochemical properties. Finally, we assessed the dynamic search for nonlethal projectiles. We recorded the viscous criteria (VC max ) values to check for nonlethal projectiles.

Research on the Dynamic Response Properties of Nonlethal Projectiles for Injury Risk Assessment

“…Also, successfully replacing hazardous ingredients in nonlethal weapon manufacturing can minimize costs and environmental effects. In addition, polyurethane foam production may help reduce road accidents and increase the polymer industry’s sustainability …”

“…In addition, polyurethane foam production may help reduce road accidents and increase the polymer industry’s sustainability. 82 …”

“…The commercial use of polymer foam is increasing and is instrumental in shock applications, thermal and acoustic insulation, and filters. They are used in the aircraft, aerospace, building, and packaging industries. , Rigid polyurethane foams that combine mechanical solid aptitude and low-density properties can be used as material structural . Regardless of their application, their optimization must consider the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties .…”

“…19 , 20 Rigid polyurethane foams that combine mechanical solid aptitude and low-density properties can be used as material structural. 21 Regardless of their application, their optimization must consider the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties. 22 Indeed, their automatic response depends on the content architecture and the polymer’s intrinsic characteristics in the cell wall.…”

Influence of Microstructure on the Dynamic Behaviour of Polyurethane Foam with Various Densities

“…Characterizing the strength and impact characteristics of the polyurethane foam was important for the foam used for the weapon system [36]. The research was to investigate these three main areas.…”