Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals Using an Ionic Liquid

Man, Zakaria; Muhammad, Nawshad; Sarwono, Ariyanti; Bustam, Mohammad Azmi; Kumar, Manishekhar; Rafiq, Sikander

doi:10.1007/s10924-011-0323-3

Cited by 197 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Man and coworkers treated MCC with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bisulfate ([BMIM]HSO 4 ) to give CNCs with the diameter of 14-22 nm and the length of 50-300 nm. It was found that, compared with the original MCC, the CNCs remained cellulose I, while the thermal stability was significantly decreased [119]. Mao [124].…”

Section: Ionic Liquid Methodmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Xie

Yang

2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

190

122

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The recent strategies in preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were described. CNCs and CNFs are two types of nanocelluloses (NCs), and they possess various superior properties, such as large specific surface area, high tensile strength and stiffness, low density, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Due to various applications in biomedical engineering, food, sensor, packaging, and so on, there are many studies conducted on CNCs and CNFs. In this review, various methods of preparation of CNCs and CNFs are summarized, including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. The methods of pretreatment of cellulose are described in view of the benefits to fibrillation.

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Section: Ionic Liquid Methodmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Xie

Yang

2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

190

122

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“…Even though ionic liquids offer a great opportunity for production of nanocrystalline cellulose (higher degree of homogeneity, less aggressive reaction medium, medium recovery, etc. ), still only few papers regarding application of, e.g., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate for that purpose were published [14][15][16]. The reason is that currently the main aim of most of the research is to find new ionic liquids that enhance the effectiveness of dissolution of cellulose coming from lignocellulose materials [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] rather than the preparation of nanometric cellulose with ionic liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical properties of chitosan nanocomposites with cellulose modified in ionic liquids

Grząbka-Zasadzińska

Amietszajew

Borysiak

2017

J Therm Anal Calorim

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In this paper, ionic liquid treatment was applied to produce nanometric cellulose particles of two polymorphic forms. A complex characterization of nanofillers including wide-angle X-ray scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and particle size determination was performed. The evaluated ionic liquid treatment was effective in terms of nanocrystalline cellulose production, leaving chemical and supermolecular structure of the materials intact. However, nanocrystalline cellulose II was found to be more prone to ionic liquid hydrolysis leading to formation larger amount of small particles. Each nanocrystalline cellulose was subsequently mixed with a solution of chitosan, so that composite films containing 1, 3, and 5% mass/mass of nanometric filler were obtained. Reference samples of chitosan and chitosan with micrometric celluloses were also solvent casted. Thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of films were tested and correlated with properties of filler used. The results of both, tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis showed a significant discrepancy between composites filled with nanocrystalline cellulose I and nanocrystalline cellulose II.

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“…Surface carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals were prepared from cotton linters by TEMPO-mediated oxidation followed by mechanical treatment (Montanari et al 2011). Man et al (2011) prepared cellulose nanocrystals by the ionic liquid method. Wang et al (2014) successfully prepared nanocellulose-II fibers by mechanical fibrillation treatment with cellulose I purified pulps pretreated in 17.5 wt% NaOH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major drawback of this method is the use of highly concentrated acid (Man et al 2011). Highly concentrated acid has a highly corrosive effect on the reaction container; in addition, the acid waste liquid is difficult to recycle, causing serious pollution to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocellulose Fibers from NaOH/Urea Pretreatment of Oil Palm Fibers

Luo¹,

Wang²

2017

BioResources

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A facile method is reported to prepare nanocellulose fibers from oil palm trunk fibers. The fibers were pretreated 2 hours with NaOH/urea solution, and the fully swelled fibers were mechanically treated through highpressure homogenization to obtain nanocellulose. The nanocellulose fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR results revealed that there was no obvious difference between the spectra of the bleached fibers (BF), pretreated cellulose fibers (PCF), and cellulose nanofibers (NCF), which indicated that the pretreatment process is a non-derivative reaction. The crystallinity of PCF and NCF decreased and contained the cellulose I crystal structure. The PCF presented both a distorted structure and a coarser surface. The resulting NCF were approximately 10 nm to 100 nm in diameter with the length varying from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers, as observed by SEM. The thermal degradation of NCF was 223 °C with about 20% weight loss, and the maximum degradation temperature was 338 °C. NaOH/urea showed potential as a mild solvent for preparing nanocellulose fibers.

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Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals Using an Ionic Liquid

Cited by 197 publications

References 28 publications

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Thermal and mechanical properties of chitosan nanocomposites with cellulose modified in ionic liquids

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocellulose Fibers from NaOH/Urea Pretreatment of Oil Palm Fibers

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