Preparation and some properties of modified natural rubber bearing grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) and epoxide groups

Saramolee, Prachid; Lopattananon, Natinee; Sahakaro, Kannika

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.04.008

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[9][10][11] To overcome these disadvantages, modified NR has been exploited in TPNR materials. It is noted that various chemical modifications to NR have been performed, including NR grafted with various types of polymers, such as NR-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) (NR-g-PMMA), 12,13 NR-g-polystyrene (NR-g-PS), 14 and NR-g-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide (NR-g-HPM), 15 along with epoxidation, [16][17][18] chlorination, 19 and hydrogenation. 20,21 Among the modified NRs, it is mostly epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) that has been used in TPNRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence type of natural rubber on properties of green biodegradable thermoplastic natural rubber based on poly(butylene succinate)

Faibunchan

Pichaiyut

Chueangchayaphan

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Green biodegradable thermoplastic natural rubber (GB‐TPNR) based on simple blend of natural rubber (NR) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was prepared using three NR alternatives: unmodified NR and epoxidized NR with 25‐ or 50‐mol% epoxide (ie, ENR‐25 or ENR‐50). It was found that ENR‐50/PBS blend showed the best compatibility, which resulted in superior mechanical and thermal properties with the highest crystallinity of the PBS phase, on comparing with the ENR‐25/PBS and NR/PBS blends. This might be attributed to stronger chemical interactions between the epoxide groups in ENR‐50 and the polar functional groups in PBS, which were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and polarizing optical microscopy (POM) micrographs of ENR‐50/PBS blend revealed phase separation with finer‐grained cocontinuous structure than in ENR‐25/PBS and NR/PBS simple blends. Furthermore, the chemical interactions in ENR‐50/PBS blend enhanced the resistance to accelerated weathering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence type of natural rubber on properties of green biodegradable thermoplastic natural rubber based on poly(butylene succinate)

Faibunchan

Pichaiyut

Chueangchayaphan

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…A single T g was observed for all samples with grafted copolymer. With below 20% grafting a single T g was detected attributed to the 1,4‐polyisoprene structure of NR . The T g of virgin PHEA was −12.3 °C and for virgin NR it was −67.6 °C, while the virgin NR vulcanizate had T g at −63.9 °C due its restricted chain mobility from crosslinking during vulcanization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of the grafting percentage of natural rubber‐graft‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) on properties of its vulcanizates

Chueangchayaphan

Tanrattanakul

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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The graft copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) monomer onto natural rubber (NR) latex was successful using cumene hydroperoxide and tetraethylene pentamine as redox initiators. The grafting of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) on the NR particles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy and TEM. The NR‐g‐PHEA with various grafting percentages (0%, 8.7%, 14.3% and 18.7%) was compounded on a two‐roll mill with a sulfur vulcanization system. The effects of grafting percentage on the cure characteristics, dielectric properties, thermal properties and physical properties of NR‐g‐PHEA vulcanizates were investigated. It was found that increased grafting caused NR‐g‐PHEA vulcanizates to have reduced water contact angle, scorch time and cure time, while the dielectric constant and dissipation factor increased. The NR‐g‐PHEA vulcanizate with 8.7% grafting exhibited the highest delta torque (MH − ML), crosslink density, tensile strength, moduli at 100%, 200% and 300% strains, and hardness, with insignificant loss of elongation at break in comparison to the other cases. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…7 In order to solve this problem, the graing modication of SBR is a promising and effective approach. 8 In previous work, many studies focused on graing rubber using the vinyl monomers, such as maleic anhydride (MA), 9 vinyl alcohol (VA), 10 stearyl methacrylate, 11 methyl methacrylate (MMA), 12 glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), 13 acrylonitrile (AN), 14 styrene (St), 15 vinyltriethoxysilane 16 and so forth. The methods for the preparation of graed rubber include thermal gra copolymerization [17][18][19][20] and irradiation graing polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane grafting and in situ silica particle generation on the curing and mechanical properties of a styrene butadiene rubber composite

Chen

Zhang

2019

RSC Adv.

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The reinforcement of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ) grafted styrene butadiene rubber ) with in situ generated silica was performed using the sol-gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in latex. The characterization of SBR-g-D 4 and in situ generated silica reinforced SBR-g-D 4 was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The grafting efficiency of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was determined by a gravimetric method. It was found that the constant silicon content and the grafting efficiency of SBR were 1.72% and 0.13 wt% when the weight ratio of D 4 to SBR was 0.20. The effects of the D 4 and in situ generated silica content on the curing characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of SBR latex were investigated. The mechanical properties of in situ generated silica reinforced vulcanizates were improved significantly compared to raw SBR vulcanizate when the in situ generated silica content was 18.05%. Compared with silica reinforced SBR-g-D 4 , the tensile strength, wet skid resistance and rolling resistance of the in situ generated silica reinforced SBR-g-D 4 were better. This is because of the higher crosslinking degree in the SBR-g-D 4 matrix and the strong chemical bond between SBR-g-D 4 molecular chains and in situ generated silica. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed good silica filler dispersion in all the reinforced SBR-g-D 4 vulcanizates.

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Preparation and some properties of modified natural rubber bearing grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) and epoxide groups

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

Influence type of natural rubber on properties of green biodegradable thermoplastic natural rubber based on poly(butylene succinate)

Influence type of natural rubber on properties of green biodegradable thermoplastic natural rubber based on poly(butylene succinate)

Influences of the grafting percentage of natural rubber‐graft‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) on properties of its vulcanizates

Effects of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane grafting and in situ silica particle generation on the curing and mechanical properties of a styrene butadiene rubber composite

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