Effects of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane grafting and in situ silica particle generation on the curing and mechanical properties of a styrene butadiene rubber composite

Abstract

The reinforcement of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ) grafted styrene butadiene rubber ) with in situ generated silica was performed using the sol-gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in latex. The characterization of SBR-g-D 4 and in situ generated silica reinforced SBR-g-D 4 was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The grafting efficiency of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was determined by a gravimetric method. It was found that the constant silicon content and the grafting efficiency of SBR were 1.72% and 0.13 wt% when the weight ratio of D 4 to SBR was 0.20. The effects of the D 4 and in situ generated silica content on the curing characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of SBR latex were investigated. The mechanical properties of in situ generated silica reinforced vulcanizates were improved significantly compared to raw SBR vulcanizate when the in situ generated silica content was 18.05%. Compared with silica reinforced SBR-g-D 4 , the tensile strength, wet skid resistance and rolling resistance of the in situ generated silica reinforced SBR-g-D 4 were better. This is because of the higher crosslinking degree in the SBR-g-D 4 matrix and the strong chemical bond between SBR-g-D 4 molecular chains and in situ generated silica. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed good silica filler dispersion in all the reinforced SBR-g-D 4 vulcanizates.

Upcycling green carbon black as a reinforcing agent for styrene–butadiene rubber materials

“…During the MDR measurements, the rheocurve record of the torque applied to the rotor axis served as the basis for determining the crosslinking time of the rubber samples. 35–37 Using the minimum and maximum torque values ( T max and T min ), the optimal crosslinking time ( T c90 ) was determined. In this study, the optimal crosslinking time based on the crosslinking rate was calculated using the following formula:( T max − T min ) × crosslinking rate (%) + T min = T c90 .…”

Recent progress of elastomer–silica nanocomposites toward green tires: simulation and experiment

“…The functional groups introduced in the polymer chain backbone can be divided into two kinds: reactive groups and non‐reactive groups. The reactive groups can react with the silanol groups in silica to improve their dispersion 27,45–47 . For example, Zhang and colleagues 48 modified the emulsion SBR (ESBR) with epoxy groups.…”

“…The reactive groups can react with the silanol groups in silica to improve their dispersion. 27,[45][46][47] For example, Zhang and colleagues 48 modified the emulsion SBR (ESBR) with epoxy groups. The enhanced interfacial interaction between modified rubber and silica arising from the chemical reaction between the introduced epoxy groups and hydroxyl groups on the silica surface boosted the dispersion of silica in the modified ESBR.…”

Effect of a hydroxyl terminated poly dimethyl siloxane, in combination with TESPT, on the mechanical and dynamic properties of silica filled rubber in addition to reducing ethanol emission in combination with TESPT

“…change in torque, which specifies increase in cross link density of the rubber compound. This is because addition of PDMS-OH which covers the silica surface prevents the reaction of free silanol groups which is acidic with the basic acclerators and the absorption of the accelerators by silica is minimised [23] which resulted in the improvement in the above properties.…”