Influence type of natural rubber on properties of green biodegradable thermoplastic natural rubber based on poly(butylene succinate)

Faibunchan, Parisa; Pichaiyut, Skulrat; Chueangchayaphan, Wannarat; Kummerlöwe, Claudia; Venneman, N.; Nakason, Charoen

doi:10.1002/pat.4534

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…High rubber content tended to produce inferior strength of the samples. It can be seen from Figure 6 that ENR-50 blends can withstand loading better than STR5L blends, and this agrees well with previous work [ 23 ]. This was evidently supported by the results from SEM micrographs showing that there was a serious lack of the continuous rigid phase of PCL with incorporation of soft rubber.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Proper Blends of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone and Natural Rubber for 3D Printing

et al. 2020

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Flexible thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) were prepared for fused deposition modeling (FDM) or 3D printing. These materials can be used for medical purposes such as disposable soft splints and other flexible devices. Blends of 50% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) and block rubber (Standard Thai Rubber 5L (STR5L)) with polycaprolactone (PCL) were produced and compared. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of natural rubber (NR) and PCL in simple blends with PCL contents of 40%, 50%, and 60% by weight (except at 75% for morphology study) in the base mixture (NR/PCL). The significant flow factors for FDM materials, such as melting temperature (Tm) and melt flow rate (MFR), were observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and via the melt flow index (MFI). In addition, the following mechanical properties were also determined: tensile strength, compression set, and hardness. The results from DSC showed that the melting temperature changed slightly (1–2 °C) with amount of PCL used, and there was a suspicious point in the 50/50 blends with both types of rubber. The lowest melting enthalpy of both blends was found at the 50/50 blended composition. The MFI results showed that PCL significantly affected the melt flow rate of both blends. The ENR-50/PCL blend flowed better than the STR5L/PCL blend. The conclusion was that this was due to the morphology of its phase structure having better uniformity than that of the STR5L/PCL blend. In compression set testing or measuring shape recovery, rubber directly influenced the recovery in all blends. The ENR-50/PCL blend had less recovery than the STR5L/PCL blend, probably due to the functional effects of epoxide groups and polarity mismatch. The hard phase PCL significantly affected the hardness of samples but improved shape recovery of the material. The ENR-50/PCL blend had better tensile properties than the STR5L/PCL blend. The elongation at break of both blends improved with a high rubber content. Hence, the ENR-50/PCL blend was superior to STR5L/PCL for printing purposes due to its better miscibility, uniformity, and flow, which are the keys to success for optimizing the fused deposition modeling conditions as well as the overall mechanical properties of products. Most blends in this study were only slightly different, but the 50/50 blend of ENR-50/PCL seemed to be near optimal for 3D printing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Proper Blends of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone and Natural Rubber for 3D Printing

et al. 2020

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“…Considering the points made so far, it is very important to raise the awareness of polymer-based materials as being considered the most attractive and commonly used material. In high-waste generating processes, it is however an environmentally concerning class of materials used globally; as it has lowcost and lightweight characteristics [47] [48]. Furthermore, the prospect of high or increasing population demand and the reality of increasing government regulations creates concerns that would require sustainable 'material and process developments' for the benefit of the ecosystem, while also meeting the sustainable and functional demands of several industries.…”

Section: Review Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused deposition modeling-based additive manufacturing (3D printing): techniques for polymer material systems

Daminabo

Goel

Grammatikos

et al. 2020

Materials Today Chemistry

279

157

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While the developments of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have been remarkable thus far, they are still significantly limited by the range of printable, functional material systems that meet the requirements of a broad range of industries; including the healthcare, manufacturing, packaging, aerospace and automotive industries. Furthermore, with the rising demand for sustainable developments, this review broadly gives the reader a good overview of existing AM techniques; with more focus on the extrusion-based technologies (Fused Deposition Modelling and Direct Ink Writing) due to their scalability, cost-efficiency and wider range of material processability. It then goes on to identify the innovative materials and recent research activities that may support the sustainable development of extrusion-based techniques for functional and multifunctional (4D printing) part and product fabrication.

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“…Hence, there have been many attempts to increase the application of PBS i.e. polymer blends [1][2][3][4] and/or composites [5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural rubber (NR) is a bio-based elastomer with high elasticity. There are many research studies in which the toughness of polymeric matrix has been enhanced by natural rubber [1][2][3][4][7][8]. The examples of some studies have reported bioplastics such as poly(lactic acid) [8] and poly(butylene succinate) [1,[2][3]7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many research studies in which the toughness of polymeric matrix has been enhanced by natural rubber [1][2][3][4][7][8]. The examples of some studies have reported bioplastics such as poly(lactic acid) [8] and poly(butylene succinate) [1,[2][3]7]. For example, Pongtanayut et al reported the toughness improvement of poly(lactic acid), PLA, with natural rubber and epoxidized natural rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Natural Rubber Compound and Crumb Rubber on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate)

Singsang

Petprom

Junphong

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Natural rubber compound was melt-mixed with biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) using an internal mixer. The effect of natural rubber compound (NRC) content on the mechanical properties of PBS was examined. The amount of NRC of 0, 5, 10 and 15 percentage by weight were used. Moreover, crumb rubber (CR) of 5 phr was added into the blend of PBS/NRC (85/15). After mixing, the samples were ground with a grinder and formed to specimen test by hot compression molding. The results of the mechanical tests showed that NRC enhanced the toughness of PBS matrix. As a result, the elongation and impact resistance values increased. However, maximum tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity decreased with an increase in the NRC content. The addition of CR in the PBS/NRC blend resulted in a reduction of all mechanical properties. The morphology of the fractured surface was investigated by scanning electron microscope. It could be seen that the NRC had a good dispersion in the PBS matrix while the CR did not show good interfacial adhesion with the PBS matrix.

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Influence type of natural rubber on properties of green biodegradable thermoplastic natural rubber based on poly(butylene succinate)

Cited by 19 publications

References 59 publications

Proper Blends of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone and Natural Rubber for 3D Printing

Proper Blends of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone and Natural Rubber for 3D Printing

Fused deposition modeling-based additive manufacturing (3D printing): techniques for polymer material systems

Effects of Natural Rubber Compound and Crumb Rubber on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate)

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