Fused deposition modeling-based additive manufacturing (3D printing): techniques for polymer material systems

Abstract

While the developments of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have been remarkable thus far, they are still significantly limited by the range of printable, functional material systems that meet the requirements of a broad range of industries; including the healthcare, manufacturing, packaging, aerospace and automotive industries. Furthermore, with the rising demand for sustainable developments, this review broadly gives the reader a good overview of existing AM techniques; with more focus on the extrusion-based technologies (Fused Deposition Modelling and Direct Ink Writing) due to their scalability, cost-efficiency and wider range of material processability. It then goes on to identify the innovative materials and recent research activities that may support the sustainable development of extrusion-based techniques for functional and multifunctional (4D printing) part and product fabrication.

Direct ink writing advances in multi-material structures for a sustainable future

“…Material extrusion techniques such as fused deposition modelling (FDM) enable multi-material structures by melting laments made of pure polymeric materials or a combination of different polymers with functional materials. Several reviews 4,5 have highlighted the success. Here we provide a critical perspective on the fabrication of 'truly' multi-material structures in which different classes of materials, such as ceramics, metals, polymers and carbon-based materials are combined using direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing.…”

Recent advances in 3D printing of nanocellulose: structure, preparation, and application prospects

“…176,189 In a thorough investigation by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), majority of the manufacturing companies are sceptical and uncertain of the quality of product being 3D printed. 290 The survey results reveals that data underpinning mass produced 3D printed product quality is still not readily available, confining the fabrication technique to prototyping and modelling. 176 Thence, the author hopes that researchers and industrial partners could successfully work together for the integration of 3D printing with novel nanocellulosic materials that proves complex functions for applications in biomedical, electronics and environmental fields with indicative advantages on fabricated product and LCA over conventional production methods.…”

Effect of printing temperature on microstructure, thermal behavior and tensile properties of 3D printed nylon using fused deposition modeling

“…Some of the 3D printing solutions are even exclusively operated with ABS or PLA 10–13 . There is a recent increasing attention on less known filaments such as nylon where mechanical data are provided 14 . However, the discussion of the processing parameters especially the thermal conditions are not yet fully covered.…”