Poverty and Growth in India over Six Decades

Datt, Gaurav; Ravallion, Martin; Murgai, Rinku

doi:10.1093/ajae/aaz043

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Given the continued congruence between caste and class (Deshpande and Ramachandran 2019), any apparent classbased spatial segregation overlaps with caste-based segregation. Even as urbanization has reduced absolute poverty during the high-growth years, the marginalized groups have benefitted least (Datt, Ravallion, and Murgai 2020). Economic mobility, in terms of a rise in consumption, improved educational outcomes, and better employment opportunities, have been largely restricted to the upper castes (Asher, Novosad, and Rafkin 2018;Krishna 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal urbanism: City size and residential segregation in India

Bharathi

Malghan

Mishra³

et al. 2021

World Development

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We present the first ever large-scale snapshot of urban residential segregation in India at the neighborhood-scale. Our analysis from 147 largest cities in contemporary India shows how caste-based residential segregation is independent of city size (our sample includes all cities in India with at least 0.3 million residents in 2011). The extent of segregation in the largest metropolitan centers with over ten million residents closely tracks cities that are nearly two orders-of-magnitude smaller. We also show how residential segregation across a large swathe of urban India mirrors the spatial geometry of rural India. Our findings call into question one of the central normative promises of modernization in India and elsewhere ---the gradual withering of traditional ascriptive identities such as caste. Our paper also contributes to the emerging debates in urban segregation by developing an interdisciplinary framework for analytical and empirical operationalization of a neighborhood unit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal urbanism: City size and residential segregation in India

Bharathi

Malghan

Mishra³

et al. 2021

World Development

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“…Recent papers have established an association between construction of roads with declining participation in agriculture sector and increase in non-farm employment (Asher and Novosad 2020 ; Lei et al 2019 ). The importance of inter-sectoral linkages to the pace of poverty reduction in rural and urban India was established by Datt et al ( 2020 ). Sharma and Chandrasekhar ( 2016 ) find that households with rural–urban commuters have higher dietary diversity while households with workers having no fixed place of work are worse off than households with no commuters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Patterns and Determinants of Commuting Between Rural and Urban India

Bhatt

Chandrasekhar

Sharma

2020

Ind. J. Labour Econ.

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Despite an increase in the number of workers commuting between rural and urban areas, much of the literature on worker mobility continues to be migration centric. This paper establishes the importance of rural-urban commuting in India. As per estimates from Periodic Labour Force Survey 2018-2019, an estimated 18.8 million individuals living in rural are working in urban India and the share of earnings from urban in total non-farm rural earnings is 19.3%. Among all rural workers, 7.3% are rural-urban commuters while only 2.1% of urban workers are urban-rural commuters. We document large variations at the sub-national level. Our results from a multinomial model to understand the factors associated with commuting highlight the importance of lagged regional unemployment rate. A high rural unemployment rate acts as a push factor, and a low urban unemployment rate acts as a pull factor for rural-urban commuting. The urbanness of occupations in a region is also an important correlate of commuting. The paper concludes by highlighting the need to prioritize questions in India's labour force survey that would help understand the nature of labour mobility and strength of rural-urban linkages.

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“…[24][25][26][27] Poverty, and especially urban poverty in India is prevalent due to high economic migration that has translocated poverty from rural settings to urbanised areas. 28 While the proportion of deprived populations in India dropped from 45% to 22% between 1994 and 2012, one in every six urban Indians live in slums. 29 Health inequalities that exist as a result of poverty and rapid urbanisations need to be reduced so that child maltreatment, violence against girls and women, aims of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals can be achieved.…”

Section: Indian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of child maltreatment in India and its association with gender, urbanisation and policy: a rapid review and meta-analysis protocol

Fernandes

Vaidya

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

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IntroductionIndia is home to 20% of the world’s children and yet, little is known on the magnitude and trends of child maltreatment nationwide. The aims of this review are to provide a prevalence of child maltreatment in India with considerations for any effects of gender; urbanisation (eg, urban vs rural) and legislation (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act 2012).Methods and analysisA rapid review will be undertaken of all quantitative peer-reviewed studies on child maltreatment in India between 2005 and 2020. Four electronic databases will be systematically searched: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and PsychInfo. The primary outcomes will include all aspects of child maltreatment: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect. Study participants will be between 0 and 18 years and will have reported maltreatment experiences using validated, reliable tools such as the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire as well as child self-reports and clinician reports. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and the methodological appraisal of the studies will be assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality assessment scale. A narrative synthesis will be conducted for all included studies. Also, if sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Effect sizes will be determined from random-effects models stratified by gender, urbanisation and the pre-2012 and post-2012 POCSO Act cut-off. I2 statistics will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify their potential sources and τ2 statistics will indicate any between-study variance.Ethics and disseminationAs this is a rapid review, minimal ethical risks are expected. The protocol and level 1 self-audit checklist were submitted and approved by the Usher Research Ethics Group panel in the Usher Institute (School of Medicine and Veterinary Sciences) at the University of Edinburgh (Reference B126255). Findings from this review will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publications and in various media, for example, conferences, congresses or symposia.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019150403.

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Poverty and Growth in India over Six Decades

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Fractal urbanism: City size and residential segregation in India

Fractal urbanism: City size and residential segregation in India

Regional Patterns and Determinants of Commuting Between Rural and Urban India

Prevalence of child maltreatment in India and its association with gender, urbanisation and policy: a rapid review and meta-analysis protocol

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