Potential of Anthocyanin Based Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Nanoparticles Specific Activated Microglia in Management Inflammatory Pain on Herniated Nucleus Pulposus: A Literature Review

Abstract

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that can affect the quality of life and leads to decreased productivity in patients. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the significant causes of disability worldwide with lifelong incidence. The purpose of this literature review describes the potential of anthocyanin-based Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles as the management of inflammatory pain in the Hernia Nucleus Pulposus (HNP ). The method used is a literature study by entering the keyword. Of the 77 journals reviewed, 47 journals were found by the topic and used as a reference for this work. The anthocyanin-based PMMA nanoparticles act as anti-nociceptors by inhibiting microglia that produce inflammatory mediators in HNP. Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) nanoparticles have specific targets in microglia. Anthocyanins have the effect of inhibiting inflammatory pain through many destinations. Anthocyanin inhibits the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO ) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2) and inhibits the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kB pathways that express TNF-α and IL-1β genes as anti-nociceptive. The anthocyanin-based PMMA nanoparticles have potential as a novel therapy for inflammatory pain in HNP. There has been no research between these modalities. Therefore, further research is needed to find out the exact potential of anthocyanin-based PMMA nanoparticles.

The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy as a Management of Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review

“…A healthcare centre (both academic and tertiary) with the ability to collect, cultivate, and transmit cells should be accessible to patients with chronic pain who are interested in taking part in clinical studies. [34][35][36][37] Although more clinical trial research is required to make firm judgments on the function of stem cell therapy in chronic pain, stem cell medicine holds great promise to cure disorders linked to chronic pain.…”

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI-BAKTERI EKSTRAK BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI METICHILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

“…Saponin mempunyai efek menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri gram positif, akan tetapi tidak efektif dalam menghambat bakteri gram negatif. Langkah kerja anti-bakteri ada empat yang diantaranya, pertama yaitu menurunkan metabolisme sel mikroba, menghambat sintesis dari dinding sel mikroba, menghambat sintesis protein sel mikroba dan merusak asam nukleat sel mikroba (El-Farmawi, Olama and Holail, 2014;Satyarsa, 2019a;Dharmaputra et al, 2020;Veronica et al, 2020;Widyadharma et al, 2020).…”