Potential effect of atmospheric warming on grapevine phenology and post-harvest heat accumulation across a range of climates

Abstract

Carbohydrates are accumulated within the perennial structure of grapevines when their production exceeds the requirements of reproduction and growth. The period between harvest and leaf-fall (the post-harvest period) is a key period for carbohydrate accumulation in relatively warmer grape-growing regions. The level of carbohydrate reserves available for utilisation in the following season has an important effect on canopy growth and yield potential and is therefore an important consideration in vineyard management. In a warming climate, the post-harvest period is lengthening and becoming warmer, evidenced through studies in wine regions worldwide that have correlated recent air temperature increases with changing grapevine phenology. Budbreak, flowering, veraison, and harvest have all been observed to be occurring earlier than in previous decades. Additionally, the final stage of the grapevine phenological cycle, leaf-fall, occurs later. This study explored the potential for increased post-harvest carbohydrate accumulation by modelling heat accumulation following harvest dates for the recent climate (1975-2004) and two warmer climate projections with mean temperature anomalies of +1.26 and +2.61 °C. Summaries of post-harvest heat accumulation between harvest and leaf-fall were produced for each of Australia's Geographical Indications (wine regions) to provide comparisons from the base temperatures to projected warmer conditions across a range of climates. The results indicate that for warmer conditions, all regions observe earlier occurring budbreak and harvest as well as increasing post-harvest growing degree days accumulation before leaf-fall. The level of increase varies depending upon starting climatic condition, with cooler regions experiencing the greatest change.

Rootstock-scion interaction:6. Phenology, chilling and heat requirements of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine

“…They may also modify the limits of winegrowing regions, such as those of Denomination of Origin (MORIONDO et al, 2013). With regard to grapevine phenology, they may change the dates of budbreak, flowering, veraison, maturity and leaf fall (VINK et al, 2012;CABRÉ et al, 2016;HALL et al, 2016;RUML et al, 2016).…”

“…The growing degree day (GDD) is used in this case (WINKLER et al, 1974) to determine the thermal needs of a plant to ripen grapes from vine budbreak. Indeed, there is a positive correlation between the increase of air temperature and vine phenology (HALL et al, 2016). The accumulated GDD may vary in response to the cultivar, region, climatic conditions and cultural practices performed in the vineyard.…”

Phenological growth stages of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) according to the BBCH scale

“…This aspect of crop development was not investigated here and needs more research. Mounzer et al () confirmed that use of growing degree days, which express phenological stages on a standardised scale, rather than the number of days or a calendar, permits comparisons to be made between different years and geographical areas (Hall et al, ). Therefore, further research is required to understand the impact of temperature in conjunction with other environmental factors on phenology of Indian jujube.…”

“…Furthermore, the study of crop phenology has become more important because of climate change. Climate change can alter the duration of a crop cycle such that adjustments in timing of various crop management practices are required (Hall, Mathews, & Holzapfel, ; Olesen et al, ; Ramírez & Kallarackal, ).…”

Thermal sum and phenological descriptions of growth stages of the common bean according to the BBCH scale

“…Climate change can change the length of the crop cycle, and knowledge of the sum of degree days combined with the phenological phases becomes an important tool to determine the necessary adjustments for crop management (Hall et al, ; Ramírez & Kallarackal, ). Air temperature is the main meteorological factor affecting the development of agricultural crops (Gramig & Stoltenberg, ; Mendes et al, ; Streck, ).…”